Oren Cass & Noah Smith Debate the True Impact of Tariffs
Do tariffs help rebuild American manufacturing or hold it back?
In this episode, American Compass founder and chief economist Oren Cass sits down with commentator and author Noah Smith and a16z General Partner Erik Torenberg for a lively debate on the future of U.S. industry.
They discuss the case for tariff-driven re-industrialization versus free-market approaches, the role of allies in trade policy, and what the numbers really show about manufacturing jobs, investment, and output. Along the way, they challenge each other’s assumptions and explore what it would take to actually bring more production back to American soil.
Timecodes:
0:00 Introduction & Framing the Debate
1:27 Oren Cass: Economic Philosophy & American Compass
4:02 Manufacturing, Family, and Community
5:00 Free Trade, Comparative Advantage, and Policy
8:30 Tariffs: US vs. China and Historical Context
9:30 Do Tariffs Help US Manufacturing?
15:00 Data, Indicators, and Economic Predictions
22:00 Theory, History, and the Role of Economics
28:00 Trade Deficits, Scale, and Global Competition
38:00 Negotiation, Game Theory, and Policy Tools
46:00 Trade Deficits, Scale, and Global Competition
1:03:23 Negotiating with Allies and the Limits of Tariff Threats
Resources:
Find Oren on X: https://https://x.com/oren_cass
American Compass: https://americancompass.org/
Find Noah on X: https://x.com/noahpinion
Subscribe to Noah’s Substack: https://www.noahpinion.blog/
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Please note that the content here is for informational purposes only; should NOT be taken as legal, business, tax, or investment advice or be used to evaluate any investment or security; and is not directed at any investors or potential investors in any a16z fund. a16z and its affiliates may maintain investments in the companies discussed. For more details please see a16z.com/disclosures.
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Please note that the content here is for informational purposes only; should NOT be taken as legal, business, tax, or investment advice or be used to evaluate any investment or security; and is not directed at any investors or potential investors in any a16z fund. a16z and its affiliates may maintain investments in the companies discussed. For more details please see a16z.com/disclosures.
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Dwarkesh and Noah Smith on AGI and the Economy
In this episode, Erik Torenberg is joined in the studio by Dwarkesh Patel and Noah Smith to explore one of the biggest questions in tech: what exactly is artificial general intelligence (AGI), and how close are we to achieving it?
They break down:
Competing definitions of AGI — economic vs. cognitive vs. “godlike”
Why reasoning alone isn’t enough — and what capabilities models still lack
The debate over substitution vs. complementarity between AI and human labor
What an AI-saturated economy might look like — from growth projections to UBI, sovereign wealth funds, and galaxy-colonizing robots
How AGI could reshape global power, geopolitics, and the future of work
Along the way, they tackle failed predictions, surprising AI limitations, and the philosophical and economic consequences of building machines that think, and perhaps one day, act, like us.
Timecodes:
0:00 Intro
0:33 Defining AGI and General Intelligence
2:38 Human and AI Capabilities Compared
7:00 AI Replacing Jobs and Shifting Employment
15:00 Economic Growth Trajectories After AGI
17:15 Consumer Demand in an AI-Driven Economy
31:00 Redistribution, UBI, and the Future of Income
31:58 Human Roles and the Evolving Meaning of Work
41:21 Technology, Society, and the Human Future
45:43 AGI Timelines and Forecasting Horizons
54:04 The Challenge of Predicting AI's Path
57:37 Nationalization, Geopolitics, and the Global AI Race
1:07:10 Brand and Network Effects in AI Dominance
1:09:31 Final Thoughts
Resources:
Find Dwarkesh on X: https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp
Find Dwarkesh on YT: https://www.youtube.com/c/DwarkeshPatel
Subscribe to Dwarkesh’s Substack: https://www.dwarkesh.com/
Find Noah on X: https://x.com/noahpinion
Subscribe to Noah’s Substack: https://www.noahpinion.blog/
Stay Updated:
Let us know what you think: https://ratethispodcast.com/a16z
Find a16z on Twitter: https://twitter.com/a16z
Find a16z on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/a16z
Subscribe on your favorite podcast app: https://a16z.simplecast.com/
Follow our host: https://x.com/eriktorenberg
Please note that the content here is for informational purposes only; should NOT be taken as legal, business, tax, or investment advice or be used to evaluate any investment or security; and is not directed at any investors or potential investors in any a16z fund. a16z and its affiliates may maintain investments in the companies discussed. For more details please see a16z.com/disclosures.
Stay Updated:
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Follow our host: https://twitter.com/eriktorenberg
Please note that the content here is for informational purposes only; should NOT be taken as legal, business, tax, or investment advice or be used to evaluate any investment or security; and is not directed at any investors or potential investors in any a16z fund. a16z and its affiliates may maintain investments in the companies discussed. For more details please see a16z.com/disclosures.
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Is AI Really Taking Our Jobs? — With Noah Smith
Noah Smith is a star economics writer behind the “Noahpinion” blog and co-host of the Econ 102 podcast. Smith joins Big Technology to discuss whether generative AI is actually boosting productivity or still waiting for its “electricity moment.” Tune in to hear his contrarian take on the so-called AI jobs apocalypse and how businesses will need to reorganize before the gains show up in earnings. We also cover immigration crackdowns, tariff uncertainty, wage-inequality myths, and how China’s military buildup reshapes economic strategy. Hit play for a sharp, no-hype dive into AI, economics, and geopolitics.
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US-China Relations: History, Culture, and AI Competition, with Noah Smith, from Econ 102
In this episode, the host Nathan Labenz and economist Noah Smith delve into the complexities of U.S.-China relations, the motivations behind the United States' export controls and the broader geopolitical tensions. The discussion covers the perceived threats posed by China's technological advancements, especially in AI, and the implications for global stability. The conversation includes an analysis of economic decoupling, military deterrence, and the historical context of U.S.-China cooperation. The discussion also explores the role of misinformation, societal destabilization, and strategic military balance. The episode concludes with insights into the future direction of U.S.-China interactions and potential pathways for stabilizing the relationship.
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The Case for Authoritarianism | Vitalik Buterin & Noah Smith
What if the information anarchy of the internet spells the downfall of liberalism?
Economist Noah Smith and Ethereum Founder Vitalik Buterin join us for a fascinating discussion on why Authoritarianism might be the answer to the current information warfare. Yes, you heard that right.
We start the episode by defining liberalism, how it has brought excessive polarization and why totalitarianism might be the only solution left. We then steelman the case against this same argument and how blockchains and crypto could play a role in all this.
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------ TIMESTAMPS
0:00 Intro 8:53 Defining Liberalism 21:50 Information Warfare 42:17 Summarizing the Argument 55:09 Could the Thesis be Wrong? 1:11:12 Information Leviathans 1:34:13 The Role of Blockchains 1:38:22 Closing & Disclaimers
------ RESOURCES
Vitalik Buterin https://x.com/VitalikButerin
Noah Smith https://x.com/Noahpinion
Noahpinion Blog https://www.noahpinion.blog/
------ Not financial or tax advice. See our investment disclosures here: https://www.bankless.com/disclosures
140 - The Future is Fiat | Noah Smith (Noahpinion)
✨ DEBRIEF | Unpacking the Episode: https://shows.banklesshq.com/p/debrief-noah
-----
Noah Smith is a writer economist, with fiercely independent takes that he articulates with precision and clarity. We see him as a knowledgable crypto outsider, which is a rare trait we've seen throughout the posts on his blog, Noahpinion.
In today's episode, we cover geopolitics in broad strokes—Noah thinks we're already at war in the form of an economic showdown between the New Allies and New Axis.
We also turn to crypto, where Noah gives his bull case while also addressing some misconceptions he sees in the crypto community.
The sum of all of this is an episode title we thought we'd never see on Bankless—The Future is Fiat.
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------ Topics Covered:
0:00 Intro 6:00 Noah Smith Respects Nerds 11:00 The War Economy 19:20 The New Axis 23:30 Battle of the Titans 30:50 Different Capabilities 35:02 Why Does This Matter? 39:00 Taiwan 45:20 Sanctioning China 50:35 The Path to War 57:15 High Level Crypto 1:02:20 Crypto In Conflict 1:09:45 Weakening Nation States 1:15:40 Crypto Misconceptions 1:26:10 A New Economy 1:32:10 Ponzis 1:40:48 The Fate of the Dollar 1:45:25 Bullish Rabbits
------ Resources:
Noah Smith https://twitter.com/Noahpinion?s=20&t=kKYOtZ37UkLtwZ4WGmDT6Q
Noahpinion https://noahpinion.substack.com/
Freedom's Forge https://www.amazon.com/Freedoms-Forge-American-Business-Produced/dp/0812982045
NOAH'S WRITING: The War Economy https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/the-war-economy-sizing-up-the-new The Danger Zone https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/book-review-danger-zone Could We Sanction China? https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/could-we-sanction-china-if-we-had Blockchains, Dollarization, and Capital https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/blockchains-dollarization-and-capital Room for One More Bubble https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/i-think-bitcoin-has-room-for-one Economic Misconceptions of the Crypto World https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/economic-misconceptions-of-the-crypto Amway Culture https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/is-web3-culture-similar-to-amway Central Bank Digital Currencies https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/central-bank-digital-currencies-are NFTs Will Probably Be Back https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/nfts-will-probably-be-back Beating Inflation https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/how-much-will-beating-inflation-hurt No, America is Not Collapsing https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/no-america-is-not-collapsing Techno-Optimism https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/techno-optimism-for-2022 Lovecraftian Intelligence https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/lovecraftian-intelligence?sd=pf Sci-Fi Futures We Didn't Get https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/the-sci-fi-futures-we-didnt-get New Industrialism https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/a-new-industrialist-roundup Liberalism is Resilient https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/liberalism-is-resilient
----- Not financial or tax advice. This channel is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. This video is not tax advice. Talk to your accountant. Do your own research.
Disclosure. From time-to-time I may add links in this newsletter to products I use. I may receive commission if you make a purchase through one of these links. Additionally, the Bankless writers hold crypto assets. See our investment disclosures here: https://www.bankless.com/disclosures
(TWTR SPC) Are We In A Recession @noahpinion ?
We speak today with Bloomberg Economics columnist Noah Smith. Are we in a recession? Are we in store for an actual shooting war with China? Is bitcoin due for one more big pump? Come for all of that, and stick around for Chris and I to hit some stories that fell through the cracks this week, like Google’s ad campaign against iMessage.
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(Bonus) Is Silicon Valley "Over?" With Bloomberg's @noahpinion
If you want the single best person in economics twitter to follow, it’s Noah Smith, Bloomberg’s Economics Opinion Columnist. If you want to him, its @noahpinion, by the way. If you want a great substack to sign up to, try noahpinion.substack.com… the free article this week is called Triumph of the HODler’s… I hope I remember to link to it in the show notes. It’s the best summation I’ve read of what’s going on with Bitcoin at the moment. But also, as you’ll hear, he has a great new podcast with another economist I respect, Brad Delong. Noah is just a smart, smart guy. If you want a smart economics angle to anything happening in the world right now, he’s just the best. Noah and I have been friendly on Twitter over the years, occasionally exchanging DMs about obscure details about the Holy Roman Empire, but this is the first time I “met” him if you will. It’s been a while since I was sort of starstruck to interview someone, but here you go. The great Noah Smith…
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