Should You Understand Your Entire Python Codebase?
<p>Should you understand the entirety of your codebase? How familiar are you with Python’s built-in functions? Christopher Trudeau is back on the show this week with another batch of PyCoder’s Weekly articles and projects.</p>
<p>We discuss a recent article by Sean Goedecke titled “In Defense of Not Understanding Your Codebase.” We dig into the differences in the scale of software projects and the factors that can obscure understanding of an entire codebase. We cover how opinions and practices people often argue for are based on the development practices from decades ago.</p>
<p>Christopher shares his recent video course that explores Python’s built-in functions. The course is divided into sections to help you find the right built-in for tasks involving math, data types, iterables, and I/O. We discuss which of these functions are frequently used in our code.</p>
<p>We also share other articles and projects from the Python community, including recent releases, querying with f-expressions in Django, replacing <code>if-else</code> chains, a Rust-based replacement for Python’s <code>json</code> module, and a couple of Python cheat sheet resources.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by <a href="https://hydradb.com/?utm_source=real-python&utm_medium=real%20python&utm_campaign=dev-tool-listing&utm_content=podcast">HydraDB</a>.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/exploring-pythons-built-in-functions/">Exploring Python’s Built-in Functions</a></p>
<p>Learn Python’s built-in functions for math, data types, iterables, and I/O, and when to use each to write more Pythonic code.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:29 – Christopher’s Python News Song</li>
<li>00:03:18 – Python 3.15.0 Beta 4 Released</li>
<li>00:03:39 – PEP 838: Adding <code>python-version</code> to <code>pyvenv.cfg</code></li>
<li>00:04:59 – PEP 840: Name Resolution in Class Namespaces</li>
<li>00:06:42 – Stop Using <code>if-else</code> Chains</li>
<li>00:13:46 – Sponsor: HydraDB</li>
<li>00:14:44 – Nifty Django Feature: F Expressions</li>
<li>00:20:23 – In Defense of Not Understanding Your Codebase</li>
<li>00:34:13 – Exploring Python’s Built-in Functions</li>
<li>00:45:26 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:46:57 – Python strftime/strptime Directive Cheat Sheet</li>
<li>00:50:22 – Itertools Cheatsheet</li>
<li>00:52:59 – Introducing <code>django-orjson</code></li>
<li>00:55:33 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>News:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://blog.python.org/2026/07/python-3150-beta-4/">Python 3.15.0 Beta 4 Released</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0838/">PEP 838: Adding <code>python-version</code> to <code>pyvenv.cfg</code> (Added)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0840/">PEP 840: Name Resolution in Class Namespaces (Added)</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.kdnuggets.com/stop-using-if-else-chains-use-the-registry-pattern-in-python-instead">Stop Using <code>if-else</code> Chains</a> – Learn a cleaner, more extensible way to dispatch logic in Python using dictionaries and function pointers instead of long if-else chains.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.better-simple.com/django/2026/07/02/nifty-feature-f-expressions/">Nifty Django Feature: F Expressions</a> – Django’s F-Expression provides a way of querying fields from the ORM. They’re particularly handy to traverse relationships in more complex queries.</li>
<li><a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/6.0/ref/models/expressions/#f-expressions">F() Expressions - Django Documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.seangoedecke.com/in-defense-of-not-understanding-your-codebase/">In Defense of Not Understanding Your Codebase</a> – In this opinion piece, Sean argues that there is a difference in the thought process between maintaining smaller software projects vs larger ones, and that the former is over represented in engineering discussion in the internet.</li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/exploring-pythons-built-in-functions/">Exploring Python’s Built-in Functions</a> – Learn Python’s built-in functions for math, data types, iterables, and I/O, and when to use each to write more Pythonic code.</li>
</ul>
<p>Projects:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://inventwithpython.com/strftime/">Python strftime/strptime Directive Cheat Sheet</a></li>
<li><a href="https://mathspp.com/blog/itertools-cheatsheet">Itertools Cheatsheet</a> – Cheatsheet with visual diagrams that explain how the iterables from itertools work.</li>
<li><a href="https://adamj.eu/tech/2026/07/15/introducing-django-orjson/">Introducing <code>django-orjson</code></a> – <code>orjson</code> is a Rust-based replacement for Python’s <code>json</code> module. So what would Adam Johnson do with it? Make it easier to use in Django of course.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson">orjson: Fast, correct Python JSON library supporting dataclasses, datetimes, and numpy</a></li>
<li><a href="https://django-orjson.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">django-orjson documentation</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Additional Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/primer-on-python-decorators/#registering-plugins">Primer on Python Decorators - Registering Plugins</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/python-built-in-functions/">Python Built-in Functions: A Complete Guide</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/cheatsheets/python/">Python Cheat Sheet – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nedbatchelder.com/text/which-py">What’s in which Python - Ned Batchelder</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/python-datetime-module/">Using Python's datetime Module</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/basics-conditional-logic-control-flow/">Python Basics: Conditional Logic and Control Flow</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/exploring-pythons-built-in-functions/">Exploring Python's Built-in Functions</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Configuring a Versatile LLM Harness & Scraping the Web With Scrapy
<p>Which is more important, the model or the “harness” around an LLM? What are ways to assemble an efficient agentic developer workflow? This week on the show, Ayan Pahwa joins us to discuss harnessing, web scraping, and self-hosting Python applications.</p>
<p>Ayan is a developer advocate at Zyte and an experienced project builder. We discuss a recent article he wrote about creating an extension for the web scraping tool Scrapy. He also digs into his self-hosting setup for Python applications and tools.</p>
<p>Our discussion extends to the complexities of developing effective harnesses. Ayan shares his setup and how he navigated shifting from prompt engineering to context and loop engineering.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by <a href="https://hydradb.com/?utm_source=real-python&utm_medium=real%20python&utm_campaign=dev-tool-listing&utm_content=podcast">HydraDB</a>.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/introduction-to-web-scraping-with-python/">Introduction to Web Scraping With Python</a></p>
<p>In this video course, you’ll learn all about web scraping in Python. You’ll see how to parse data from websites and interact with HTML forms using tools such as Beautiful Soup and MechanicalSoup.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:01 – Scrapy and building an extension</li>
<li>00:08:46 – Zyte and the web scraping API</li>
<li>00:11:19 – Sponsor: HydraDB</li>
<li>00:12:22 – noalgotube project</li>
<li>00:15:49 – Homelab & self hosting projects</li>
<li>00:22:19 – What goes into a harness?</li>
<li>00:32:33 – Where did you start exploring LLM tools?</li>
<li>00:36:13 – Local models & edge computing</li>
<li>00:39:31 – ExtractPod and discussing Apple’s AI</li>
<li>00:43:35 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:44:54 – Managing token use and tools</li>
<li>00:52:37 – What are you excited about in the world of Python?</li>
<li>00:55:10 – What do you want to learn next?</li>
<li>00:56:38 – What is the best way to follow your work online?</li>
<li>00:56:58 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.zyte.com/blog/how-to-build-your-first-scrapy-extension/">How to build your first Scrapy extension</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.zyte.com/zyte-api/">Web Scraping API - All-in-one Web Scraper - Zyte API</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/web-scraping-with-scrapy-and-mongodb/">Web Scraping With Scrapy and MongoDB – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://codensolder.com/posts/noalgotube-algorithm-free-youtube-rss-reader/">noalgotube: I Built My Own YouTube Feed Because the Algorithm Stopped Working for Me - CodeNSolder</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/iayanpahwa/noalgotube">noalgotube: A personal content aggregator for YouTube channels and blog RSS feeds</a></li>
<li><a href="https://codensolder.com/posts/why-homelab-building-a-proper-self-hosted-setup-from-scratch/">Why homelab? Building a proper self-hosted setup from scratch - CodeNSolder</a></li>
<li><a href="https://opnsense.org/">OPNsense: Open source, feature rich firewall and routing platform, offering cutting-edge network protection</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.proxmox.com/en/">Proxmox - Powerful open-source server solutions</a></li>
<li><a href="https://pi-hole.net/">Pi-hole – Network-wide Ad Blocking</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/iib0011/omni-tools">omni-tools: Self-hosted collection of powerful web-based tools for everyday tasks</a></li>
<li><a href="https://frigate.video/">Frigate NVR</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.zyte.com/blog/harness-engineering-part-1-what-is-an-agent-harness-and-why-it-matters/">Harness Engineering, part 1: What is an agent harness and why it matters</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.zyte.com/blog/my-agentic-coding-setup-claude-code-multi-agent-orchestration-and-how-i-actually-work/">My agentic coding setup: Claude Code, multi-agent orchestration, and how I actually work</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZP_TumcFAY">ExtractPod EP07 - AI Harnesses, our model usage and a Scottish dinner staple. - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="https://opencode.ai/">OpenCode - The open source AI coding agent</a></li>
<li><a href="https://openrouter.ai/">OpenRouter</a></li>
<li><a href="https://deepmind.google/models/gemma/gemma-4/">Gemma 4 — Google DeepMind</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lmstudio.ai/">LM Studio Bionic - Agent for Open Models</a></li>
<li><a href="https://z.ai/blog/glm-5.2">GLM-5.2: Built for Long-Horizon Tasks</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/JuliusBrussee/caveman">caveman: 🪨 why use many token when few token do trick — Claude Code skill</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/DietrichGebert/ponytail">ponytail: Makes your AI agent think like the laziest senior dev in the room</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/301/">Episode #301: Running Python Locally in a Sandbox</a></li>
<li><a href="https://aillio.com/r2">Aillio – Bullet R2 - Coffee Roaster</a></li>
<li><a href="https://codensolder.com/">CodeNSolder</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.zyte.com/author/ayan-pahwa/">Ayan Pahwa - Zyte</a></li>
<li><a href="https://hydradb.com/?utm_source=real-python&utm_medium=real%20python&utm_campaign=dev-tool-listing&utm_content=podcast">HydraDB</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/introduction-to-web-scraping-with-python/">Introduction to Web Scraping With Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/getting-started-claude-code/">Getting Started With Claude Code</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/testing-mcp-servers-with-a-python-mcp-client/">Testing MCP Servers With a Python MCP Client</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Free-Threaded Python's History & uv in Production
<p>How many attempts have been made to remove Python’s Global Interpreter Lock (GIL)? How do they compare to the current approach? Christopher Trudeau is back on the show this week with another batch of PyCoder’s Weekly articles and projects.</p>
<p>Christopher shares a recent article about Thomas Wouters’ talk at PyCon US 2026. The talk, titled “Free-threaded Python: past, present, and future,” covers the efforts to remove the GIL starting in 1996. He explains that threads are complex, but they allow multiple tasks to run concurrently within a single process and its address space. </p>
<p>The GIL is how CPython implements threading. The GIL protects Python objects and their reference counts, which determine the current objects in use. The talk also looks forward and shares the current work to remove the GIL, now named free-threaded Python, and the goals for the near future. </p>
<p>We also share other articles and projects from the Python community, including community announcements, a roundup of recent Real Python tutorials and video courses, using <code>uv</code> in Production, employing Wagtail as Django admin on steroids, managing and measuring Python code quality, a pure-Python implementation of <code>jq</code>, and a project to bring interactivity to plotnine.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by <a href="https://www.endorlabs.com/platform/developer?utm_source=Real-python-podcast&utm_medium=video&utm_campaign=auri-for-developers">AURI by Endor Labs</a></p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/thread-safety-locks-other-techniques/">Thread Safety in Python: Locks and Other Techniques</a></p>
<p>In this video course, you’ll learn about the issues that can occur when your code is run in a multithreaded environment. Then you’ll explore the various synchronization primitives available in Python’s threading module, such as locks, which help you make your code safe.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:03:08 – PEP 836: JIT Go Brrr: The Path to a Supported JIT Compiler for CPython</li>
<li>00:04:34 – PyCon US 2026 Videos Are Up</li>
<li>00:04:53 – Thinking About Running for the PSF Board? Let’s Talk!</li>
<li>00:05:30 – How to Get Started With the GitHub Copilot CLI</li>
<li>00:06:27 – Python 3.15 Preview: Upgraded JIT Compiler</li>
<li>00:07:23 – Testing MCP Servers With a Python MCP Client</li>
<li>00:08:10 – How to Use GitHub</li>
<li>00:08:50 – Why I Wrote PEP 832: Virtual Environment Discovery</li>
<li>00:09:46 – Free-Threaded Python: Past, Present, and Future</li>
<li>00:16:51 – Sponsor: AURI by EndorLabs</li>
<li>00:17:38 – <code>uv</code> in Production: The Speed Is Real, the Integration Isn’t Free</li>
<li>00:26:18 – Wagtail as Django Admin on Steroids</li>
<li>00:29:52 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:31:11 – Managing and Measuring Python Code Quality</li>
<li>00:43:10 – purejq: A Pure-Python Implementation of <code>jq</code></li>
<li>00:46:41 – ninejs: Bringing ✨interactivity✨ to plotnine</li>
<li>00:49:15 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>News:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0836/">PEP 836: JIT Go Brrr: The Path to a Supported JIT Compiler for CPython (Draft)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://discuss.python.org/t/pep-836-jit-go-brrr-the-path-to-a-supported-jit-compiler-for-cpython/108010">The Path to a Supported JIT Compiler for CPython</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/pyconus">PyCon US 2026 Videos Are Up</a></li>
<li><a href="https://pyfound.blogspot.com/2026/07/thinking-about-running-for-psf-board.html">Thinking About Running for the PSF Board? Let’s Talk!</a> – The Python Software Foundation Board has announced two office-hour sessions dedicated to giving information on running for the PSF Board. If you’re thinking of running in the upcoming election, these sessions can help you understand the ins and outs.</li>
</ul>
<p>Real Python News:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/github-copilot-cli/">How to Get Started With the GitHub Copilot CLI – Tutorial</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/managing-and-measuring-python-code-quality/">Managing and Measuring Python Code Quality – Video Course</a><a href="https://realpython.com/python315-jit-compiler/">Python 3.15 Preview: Upgraded JIT Compiler – Tutorial</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/testing-mcp-servers-with-a-python-mcp-client/">Testing MCP Servers With a Python MCP Client – Video Course</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/how-to-use-github/">How to Use GitHub – Real Python</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://snarky.ca/why-i-wrote-pep-832-virtual-environment-discovery/">Why I Wrote PEP 832: Virtual Environment Discovery</a> – PEP 832 proposes a way to describe where your virtual environment is so that your tools can look in the right place. Although a relatively simple proposal it has caused some contention in the community. This post by Brett, the PEP’s author, describes his reasoning.</li>
<li><a href="https://lwn.net/SubscriberLink/1078367/eaa511915870fdb2/">Free-Threaded Python: Past, Present, and Future</a> – This post summarizes a talk by core developer Thomas Wouters at PyCon US 2026 on Free-threaded Python: the attempt to remove the GIL. It describes why it is being done and what future work looks like.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZu6LyiZVbM">Free threaded Python past, present and future - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="https://tsv.one/articles/uv-in-production-caveats"><code>uv</code> in Production: The Speed Is Real, the Integration Isn’t Free</a> – Oleg’s work moved their tooling from <code>pip</code> to <code>uv</code> and lived with it for ~90 days. They discovered that the speed is real, but that doesn’t mean there aren’t complications.</li>
<li><a href="https://timonweb.com/wagtail/wagtail-as-django-admin-on-steroids/">Wagtail as Django Admin on Steroids</a> – Wagtail can do pretty much everything the Django Admin can do, but includes a much more modern UI and more features. This article shows you how to use Wagtail as an Admin alternative.</li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/managing-and-measuring-python-code-quality/">Managing and Measuring Python Code Quality</a> – Master Python code quality tools like linters, formatters, type checkers, and profilers to measure, manage, and improve the code you write.</li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/python-code-quality/#managing-trade-offs-between-code-quality-characteristics">Python Code Quality: Best Practices and Tools – Real Python</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Projects:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/adam2go/purejq">purejq: A Pure-Python Implementation of <code>jq</code></a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/y-sunflower/ninejs">ninejs: Bringing ✨interactivity✨ to plotnine</a></li>
<li><a href="https://y-sunflower.github.io/ninejs/">ninejs - Documentation</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Additional Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/297/">Episode #297: Improving Python Through PEPs and Protocols</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0766/">PEP 766</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/">PEP 8 – Style Guide for Python Code | peps.python.org</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/python-pep8/">How to Write Beautiful Python Code With PEP 8</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.endorlabs.com/platform/developer?utm_source=Real-python-podcast&utm_medium=video&utm_campaign=auri-for-developers">AURI for Developers - AI-Native AppSec Platform - Endor Labs</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/threading-python/">Threading in Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/thread-safety-locks-other-techniques/">Thread Safety in Python: Locks and Other Techniques</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/testing-mcp-servers-with-a-python-mcp-client/">Testing MCP Servers With a Python MCP Client</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Constructing and Judging Modern Agentic Workflows
<p>How can you improve your LLM agent systems through specification enrichment? What are the advantages of having an LLM act as a judge within an agent system? This week on the show, Senior IEEE Member and Quality Engineer Suneet Malhotra joins us to discuss building and evaluating agentic architecture.</p>
<p>Suneet Malhotra is an independent practitioner-researcher with 18 years of experience in Quality Engineering (QE) and test automation for consumer-scale platforms. He discusses building specification-enrichment loops, monitoring performance, and using Cohen’s kappa to measure agreement between LLM judgments.</p>
<p>Suneet is currently publishing multiple papers that are under peer review on these topics. He also provides links to his work and GitHub projects if you want to experiment with these concepts and methods yourself.</p>
<p><a href="https://survey.realpython.com/r/gDrDW4">Quick Survey: Get more out of the podcast show notes</a></p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Video Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/testing-mcp-servers-with-a-python-mcp-client/">Testing MCP Servers With a Python MCP Client</a></p>
<p>Learn how to build a Python MCP client that tests MCP servers from your terminal. List their tools, prompts, and resources, then call each one.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:00:56 – Survey: RP Podcast show notes</li>
<li>00:02:11 – How did you get into testing?</li>
<li>00:05:04 – Has working for large public-facing corporations changed how you approach testing?</li>
<li>00:07:06 – Writing a paper on LLM-as-Judge</li>
<li>00:09:22 – Looking across the Software Development Lifecycle</li>
<li>00:14:46 – Agentic AI: theater vs methodology</li>
<li>00:17:23 – Specification enrichment</li>
<li>00:27:52 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:29:18 – Saving the specifications</li>
<li>00:31:27 – Using the LLM as a judge & Cohen’s kappa</li>
<li>00:39:31 – How can people try out the project?</li>
<li>00:43:35 – What are some of the failure modes you’ve seen?</li>
<li>00:50:26 – What’s an inexpensive way to try these ideas out?</li>
<li>00:54:04 – What are you excited about in the world of Python?</li>
<li>00:56:14 – What do you want to learn next?</li>
<li>00:57:14 – How can people follow your work online?</li>
<li>00:57:32 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://suneetmalhotra.com/">Suneet Malhotra - AI-Driven Quality Engineering Leader</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/SuneetMalhotra/">SuneetMalhotra - GitHub</a></li>
<li><a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8707-9590">Suneet Malhotra - ORCID</a></li>
<li><a href="https://zenodo.org/records/20618807">Cross-Layer Observability for LLM-Assisted Test Automation — Reference Implementation and Evaluation Data - Zenodo</a></li>
<li><a href="https://zenodo.org/records/20692871">Specification Enrichment v28 (EISEJ submission) — Reference implementation and empirical evaluation - Zenodo</a></li>
<li><a href="https://zenodo.org/records/20645248">Visual Oracle Bench — Two-Judge Synthetic-HTML Pilot for LLM-as-Judge Visual Regression Detection with Specificity Reporting - Zenodo</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohen's_kappa">Cohen’s kappa - Wikipedia</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/suneet-m/">Suneet Malhotra - LinkedIn</a></li>
<li><a href="https://survey.realpython.com/r/gDrDW4">Survey: Get more out of every Real Python Podcast episode</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/improve-tests-mock-object-library/">Improving Your Tests With the Python Mock Object Library</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/building-type-safe-llm-agents-with-pydantic-ai/">Building Type-Safe LLM Agents With Pydantic AI</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/testing-mcp-servers-with-a-python-mcp-client/">Testing MCP Servers With a Python MCP Client</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Running Python Locally in a Sandbox
<p>How do you avoid the risk of running a Python application locally that could be malicious, break your code, or leak private data? How can you create a sandboxed local environment using WASM and MicroPython? Christopher Trudeau is back on the show this week with another batch of PyCoder’s Weekly articles and projects.</p>
<p>We cover a recent article by previous guest Simon Willison titled “Running Python code in a sandbox with MicroPython and WASM.” Simon has been experimenting for years on how to run Python code in a sandbox to reduce the risk of trying out new software, untrusted libraries, and wild ideas. He’s developed a solution using WASM and MicroPython and is sharing it as an alpha package on PyPI.</p>
<p>We also share other articles and projects from the Python community, including new releases, community announcements, a roundup of recent Real Python tutorials and video courses, a plugin case study using Pluggy, a look at whether you’re expected to run five type-checkers now, wrapping programs using the subprocess module, a project for star charts and maps, and a tool for trend detection in Python.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by <a href="https://datadriven.io/?utm_source=realpython&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=realpython_podcast_sponsorship&utm_content=shownotes_leaderboard">DataDriven</a>.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/workshops/codex/">Codex for Python Developers: Hands-On Agentic Coding Course</a></p>
<p>Most Python developers use AI as fancy autocomplete. This 2-day live course teaches you to build entire projects with Codex, an AI agent that works inside your codebase.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:48 – PSF Board Election Dates for 2026</li>
<li>00:03:28 – Python 3.15.0 beta 3 is here!</li>
<li>00:03:58 – PEP 835: Shorthand Syntax for Annotated Type Metadata</li>
<li>00:05:13 – Announcing the Search for a DSF Executive Director</li>
<li>00:05:53 – Django 6.1 beta 1 released</li>
<li>00:06:24 – PyData London 26 Videos Released</li>
<li>00:06:50 – Implementing Interfaces in Python: ABCs and Protocols</li>
<li>00:07:36 – Building Python Skills for the Job Market</li>
<li>00:08:21 – Context Engineering for Python Codebases</li>
<li>00:09:14 – Python for Data Analysis: A Practical Guide</li>
<li>00:09:47 – Using LlamaIndex for RAG in Python</li>
<li>00:10:07 – Django Tasks: Exploring the Built-in Tasks Framework</li>
<li>00:10:59 – Plugins Case Study: Pluggy</li>
<li>00:15:10 – Sponsor: <a href="https://datadriven.io/?utm_source=realpython&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=realpython_podcast_sponsorship&utm_content=shownotes_leaderboard">DataDriven</a></li>
<li>00:15:57 – Pyodide 314.0 Release</li>
<li>00:18:54 – Python in a Sandbox With MicroPython and WASM</li>
<li>00:22:35 – The subprocess Module: Wrapping Programs With Python</li>
<li>00:30:08 – Spotlight: Codex for Python Developers</li>
<li>00:31:51 – Are You Expected to Run 5 Type-Checkers Now?</li>
<li>00:39:41 – starplot: ✨ Star charts and maps in Python</li>
<li>00:42:01 – marimo-tutorials: Collection of Marimo Tutorials</li>
<li>00:42:48 – pytrendy: Trend Detection in Python</li>
<li>00:44:35 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>News:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://pyfound.blogspot.com/2026/06/psf-board-election-dates-for-2026.html">PSF Board Election Dates for 2026</a></li>
<li><a href="https://blog.python.org/2026/06/python-3150-beta-3/">Python 3.15.0 beta 3 is here! - Python Insider</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0835/">PEP 835: Shorthand Syntax for Annotated Type Metadata (Added)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2026/jun/17/announcing-the-search-for-a-dsf-executive-director/">Announcing the Search for a DSF Executive Director</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2026/jun/24/django-61-beta-1-released/">Django 6.1 beta 1 released - Django Weblog</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGVZCDnMOq0rFQykYJg7t441AEpN4SszE">PyData London 26 Videos Released</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Real Python News:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/python-interface/">Implementing Interfaces in Python: ABCs and Protocols</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/building-python-skills-for-the-job-market/">Building Python Skills for the Job Market</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/python-context-engineering-ai/">Context Engineering for Python Codebases</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/python-for-data-analysis/">Python for Data Analysis: A Practical Guide</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/using-llamaindex-for-rag-in-python/">Using LlamaIndex for RAG in Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/django-tasks/">Django Tasks: Exploring the Built-in Tasks Framework</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://eli.thegreenplace.net/2026/plugins-case-study-pluggy/">Plugins Case Study: Pluggy</a> – <a href="https://github.com/pytest-dev/pluggy">Pluggy</a> is an open source plugin system used by frameworks such as pytest and tox. This article introduces you to how it works and what you can do with it.</li>
<li><a href="https://blog.pyodide.org/posts/314-release/">Pyodide 314.0 Release</a> – This post announces the Pyodide 314.0 release and describes its features, including a focus on standardization and packaging. You can now build Pyodide wheels and post them to PyPI.</li>
<li><a href="https://simonwillison.net/2026/Jun/6/micropython-in-a-sandbox/">Python in a Sandbox With MicroPython and WASM</a> – Simon’s been in search of the perfect code sandbox. This article is about his latest attempt and covers why he wants a sandbox and what tech he’s used to achieve it.</li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/python-subprocess/">The subprocess Module: Wrapping Programs With Python</a> – Python’s <code>subprocess</code> module allows you to run shell commands and manage external processes directly from your Python code. By using <code>subprocess</code>, you can execute shell commands like <code>ls</code> or <code>dir</code>, launch applications, and handle both input and output streams.</li>
<li><a href="https://pyrefly.org/blog/too-many-type-checkers/">Are You Expected to Run 5 Type-Checkers Now?</a> – Library maintainers may feel overwhelmed by the plurality of type checkers that exist. We offer some guidance on how to focus their efforts where they matter most.</li>
</ul>
<p>Projects:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/steveberardi/starplot">starplot: ✨ Star charts and maps in Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/Haleshot/marimo-tutorials">marimo-tutorials: Collection of Marimo Tutorials</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/RussellSB/pytrendy">pytrendy: Trend Detection in Python</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Additional Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/226/">Episode #226: PySheets: Spreadsheets in the Browser Using PyScript</a></li>
<li><a href="https://datasette.io/">Datasette: An open source multi-tool for exploring and publishing data</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/astrophysics-pandas-matplotlib/">Exploring Astrophysics in Python With pandas and Matplotlib</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/astropy-astronomy/">Using Astropy for Astronomy With Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/investigating-quasar-data-polars-marimo-notebooks/">Investigating Quasar Data With Polars and Interactive marimo Notebooks</a></li>
<li><a href="https://jupyterlite.readthedocs.io/en/stable/">JupyterLite — JupyterLite 0.8.0 documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="https://datadriven.io/?utm_source=realpython&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=realpython_podcast_sponsorship&utm_content=shownotes_leaderboard">DataDriven - Data Engineer Interview Practice Problems</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/astropy-astronomy/">Using Astropy for Astronomy With Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/using-llamaindex-for-rag-in-python/">Using LlamaIndex for RAG in Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/building-python-skills-for-the-job-market/">Building Python Skills for the Job Market</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Maintaining Your Python Developer Instincts While Using LLM Tools
<p>Do you feel like your Python skills are atrophying after using LLM coding tools? How do you add the right kind of friction into your coding routine to keep your developer instincts sharp? Christopher Trudeau is back on the show this week with another batch of PyCoder’s Weekly articles and projects.</p>
<p>We discuss a recent article by previous guest Bob Belderbos about developers keeping their instincts when AI is writing the code. He stresses the importance of the right kind of friction for maintaining skills and scheduling a deliberate coding practice routine.</p>
<p>We also share other articles and projects from the Python community, including new releases, a roundup of recent Real Python tutorials and video courses, sending emails with Python, libraries to enhance your Python Polars workflows, exploring Django Integrity-Policy, a next-generation HTTP client for Python, and a project to detect lazy imports incompatibilities.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by <a href="https://www.endorlabs.com/platform/developer?utm_source=Real-python-podcast&utm_medium=video&utm_campaign=auri-for-developers">AURI by Endor Labs</a></p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/multiple-ai-models-openrouter-api/">Accessing Multiple AI Models With the OpenRouter API</a></p>
<p>Access models from popular AI providers in Python through OpenRouter’s unified API with smart routing, fallbacks, and cost controls.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:53 – Python 3.14.6, 3.13.14, and 3.15.0b2 Released</li>
<li>00:03:20 – Django Security Releases Issued: 6.0.6 and 5.2.15</li>
<li>00:03:35 – PyPy v7.3.23 Released</li>
<li>00:04:25 – Python sleep(): How to Add Time Delays to Your Code</li>
<li>00:04:59 – Structuring Your Python Script</li>
<li>00:05:36 – How to Use GitHub Copilot Code Review in Pull Requests</li>
<li>00:06:13 – Accessing Multiple AI Models With the OpenRouter API</li>
<li>00:07:25 – Cursor vs Windsurf: Which AI Code Editor Is Best for Python?</li>
<li>00:08:28 – Sending Emails With Python</li>
<li>00:16:31 – Sponsor:AURI from Endor Labs</li>
<li>00:17:17 – Announcing Polars 1.41</li>
<li>00:19:43 – Libraries for Your Python Polars Workflows</li>
<li>00:23:42 – Django: Introducing Django-Integrity-Policy</li>
<li>00:28:39 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:30:21 – Keep Your Developer Instincts When AI Writes the Code</li>
<li>00:39:58 – Lifeguard: Detect Lazy Imports Incompatibilities</li>
<li>00:42:46 – httpx2: A Next Generation HTTP Client for Python</li>
<li>00:45:34 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>News:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://blog.python.org/2026/06/python-3146-31314/">Python 3.14.6 and 3.13.14 Released</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3150b2/">Python 3.15.0b2 Released</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2026/jun/03/security-releases/">Django Security Releases Issued: 6.0.6 and 5.2.15</a></li>
<li><a href="https://pypy.org/posts/2026/05/pypy-v7322-release.html">PyPy v7.3.23 Released</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Real Python News:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/python-sleep/">Python sleep(): How to Add Time Delays to Your Code - Tutorial</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/structuring-your-python-script/">Structuring Your Python Script - Video Course</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/github-copilot-code-review/">How to Use GitHub Copilot Code Review in Pull Requests – Tutorial</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/multiple-ai-models-openrouter-api/">Accessing Multiple AI Models With the OpenRouter API – Video Course</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/cursor-vs-windsurf-python/">Cursor vs Windsurf: Which AI Code Editor Is Best for Python? – Tutorial</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/python-send-email/">Sending Emails With Python</a> – Learn how to send emails with Python using SMTP, attach files, format HTML messages, and personalize bulk emails for your contact list.</li>
<li><a href="https://pola.rs/posts/polars-1-41/">Announcing Polars 1.41</a> – Polars 1.41 is out and this post covers the new features it includes. Learn about faster parquet metadata decoding, nested subplan elimination, and more.</li>
<li><a href="https://opensource.posit.co/blog/2026-06-04_libraries-for-python-polars/">Libraries for Your Python Polars Workflows</a> – Four excellent libraries for your data science workflow with support for Polars DataFrames</li>
<li><a href="https://adamj.eu/tech/2026/05/31/introducing-django-integrity-policy/">Django: Introducing Django-Integrity-Policy</a> – Recently, browsers have added support for the new Integrity-Policy response header (Firefox 145+, Chrome 138+). Adam quickly went to work to build a library that enables your Django project to take advantage of the feature.</li>
<li><a href="https://belderbos.dev/blog/dont-delegate-the-friction/">How to Keep Your Developer Instincts When AI Writes the Code</a> – The promise was less friction. The cost, it turns out, is instinct, a high price to pay. Bob’s answer: add deliberate practice to your routine, and keep the struggle.</li>
</ul>
<p>Projects:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/facebook/Lifeguard">Lifeguard: Detect Lazy Imports Incompatibilities</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/pydantic/httpx2">httpx2: A Next Generation HTTP Client for Python</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Additional Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://openrouter.ai/">OpenRouter</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/214/">Episode #214: Build Captivating Display Tables in Python With Great Tables</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/ggplot-python/">Using ggplot in Python: Visualizing Data With plotnine – Tutorial</a></li>
<li><a href="https://belderbos.dev/blog/rust-made-me-a-better-python-developer/">Learning Rust Made Me a Better Python Developer</a></li>
<li><a href="https://httpxyz.org/">HTTPXYZ</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.endorlabs.com/platform/developer?utm_source=Real-python-podcast&utm_medium=video&utm_campaign=auri-for-developers">AURI for Developers - AI-Native AppSec Platform - Endor Labs</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/graph-data-with-python-and-ggplot/">Graph Your Data With Python and ggplot</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/structuring-your-python-script/">Structuring Your Python Script</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/multiple-ai-models-openrouter-api/">Accessing Multiple AI Models With the OpenRouter API</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
EuroPython 2026: Celebrating 25 Years
<p>What’s happening at EuroPython 2026? The conference celebrates its 25th anniversary this year in Kraków, Poland. This week on the show, organizers Mia Bajić and Daria Linhart Grudzien join me to discuss this year’s conference.</p>
<p>Mia serves as the Vice Chair of the EuroPython Society, and Daria leads the EuroPython communications team. We dig into the details of the conference, including the wide variety of tracks, the reasoning for selecting the location, and the additional activities surrounding the event.</p>
<p>We talk about volunteering, organizing, and continuing support for conferences. Mia and Daria also share the talks they’re excited to check out and how they use Python currently.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/python-argparse-command-line-interfaces/">Building Command Line Interfaces With argparse</a></p>
<p>In this step-by-step Python video course, you’ll learn how to take your command line Python scripts to the next level by adding a convenient command line interface that you can write with argparse.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:27 – EuroPython 2026 details</li>
<li>00:05:02 – Daria and Mia’s roles with the conference</li>
<li>00:09:08 – Practices to continue growing a conference</li>
<li>00:13:16 – What makes EuroPython different?</li>
<li>00:18:40 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:20:17 – Wide variety of tracks, talks, and topics</li>
<li>00:28:54 – How are you using Python currently?</li>
<li>00:32:38 – What are you excited about in the world of Python?</li>
<li>00:35:12 – What do you want to learn next?</li>
<li>00:37:30 – How can people follow the work you do online?</li>
<li>00:39:06 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://ep2026.europython.eu/">EuroPython 2026 - July 13-19, 2026 - Kraków, Poland</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdKmIx7AKtEmV3PLVtA-BZ0zSa9dne-0nF3d391rWj-D2a4EQ/viewform">🎂 25th Anniversary of EuroPython: Social Media Challenge 🎂</a></li>
<li><a href="https://ep2026.europython.eu/schedule/">Schedule for 2026</a></li>
<li><a href="https://icekrakow.pl/en">ICE Kraków Congress Centre</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/europython/">EuroPython: Overview - LinkedIn</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC98CzaYuFNAA_gOINFB0e4Q">EuroPython Conference - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="https://fosstodon.org/@europython">EuroPython - Fosstodon</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/europython/">EuroPython Conference (@europython) - Instagram</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@europython">EuroPython (@europython) - TikTok</a></li>
<li><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/europython.eu">EuroPython 2026, Kraków (@europython.eu) - Bluesky</a></li>
<li><a href="https://x.com/europython">EuroPython (@europython) - X</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Mia Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mia-bajic/">Mia Bajić - LinkedIn</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/clytaemnestra_">Mia Bajić (@clytaemnestra_) - Instagram</a></li>
<li><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/clytaemnestra.bsky.social">Mia Bajić (@clytaemnestra.bsky.social) - Bluesky</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@BehindtheCommit">Behind the Commit - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="mailto:mia@europython.eu">mia@europython.eu</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Daria Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/dariagru/">Daria Linhart Grudzien - LinkedIn</a></li>
<li><a href="mailto:daria@europython.eu">daria@europython.eu</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/structuring-your-python-script/">Structuring Your Python Script</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/multiple-ai-models-openrouter-api/">Accessing Multiple AI Models With the OpenRouter API</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/python-argparse-command-line-interfaces/">Building Command Line Interfaces With argparse</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Reducing the Size of Python Docker Containers
<p>How can you easily reduce the size of a Python Docker container? What are the exceptions you should catch in your code? Christopher Trudeau is back on the show this week with another batch of PyCoder’s Weekly articles and projects.</p>
<p>We cover a tutorial by Khuyen Tran at CodeCut about shrinking the size of a Python Docker container. The piece explores SlimToolKit, which analyzes a container at runtime, identifies what files are used, and then builds a minimal image with only those dependencies.</p>
<p>We dig into a recent piece by Trey Hunner about Python exceptions. When trying to determine a strategy to handle potential errors, which exceptions should you catch and which should you leave unhandled?</p>
<p>We also share other articles and projects from the Python community, including recent releases, two PEPs that have been deferred to 3.16, a critical vulnerability in an open-source ASGI framework, resolving a lazy import manually, a project to anonymize sensitive PII data, and a tool for loading Django settings from a TOML file.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by <a href="https://www.endorlabs.com/platform/developer-tools?utm_source=Real-python-podcast&utm_medium=video&utm_campaign=auri-for-developers">AURI by Endor Labs</a>.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/raising-handling-exceptions/">Raising and Handling Python Exceptions</a></p>
<p>In this course, you’ll learn what an exception is and how it differs from a syntax error. You’ll learn about raising exceptions, making assertions, and catching exceptions to change the control flow of your program using the try, except, else, and finally keywords.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:32 – Django 6.1 Alpha 1 Released</li>
<li>00:03:07 – Nuitka Python Compiler Release 4.1</li>
<li>00:04:00 – PEP 813: The Pretty Print Protocol (Deferred to 3.16)</li>
<li>00:04:28 – PEP 830: Add Timestamps to Exceptions and Tracebacks</li>
<li>00:04:50 – Millions of AI agents imperiled by critical vulnerability in open source package</li>
<li>00:07:27 – What Types of Exceptions Should You Catch?</li>
<li>00:13:28 – Sponsor: AURI from Endor Labs</li>
<li>00:14:18 – PyCon US 2026 Packaging Summit Recap</li>
<li>00:18:39 – Slim Down Python Docker Containers</li>
<li>00:24:17 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:25:45 – Resolve a Lazy Import Manually</li>
<li>00:28:04 – presidio: Detect, Redact, & Anonymize Sensitive Data (PII)</li>
<li>00:32:37 – dj-toml-settings: Load Django settings from a TOML file</li>
<li>00:37:14 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>News:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2026/may/20/django-61-alpha-1-released/">Django 6.1 Alpha 1 Released</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nuitka.net/posts/nuitka-release-41.html">Nuitka Python Compiler Release 4.1</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0813/">PEP 813: The Pretty Print Protocol (Deferred to 3.16)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0830/">PEP 830: Add Timestamps to Exceptions and Tracebacks (Deferred to 3.16)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2026/05/millions-of-ai-agents-imperiled-by-critical-vulnerability-in-open-source-package/">Millions of AI agents imperiled by critical vulnerability in open source package - Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/security/advisories/GHSA-86qp-5c8j-p5mr">Missing Host header validation poisons request.url.path, bypassing path-based security checks · Advisory · Kludex/starlette</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.pythonmorsels.com/what-types-of-exceptions-should-you-catch/">What Types of Exceptions Should You Catch?</a> – The trickiest programming bugs are often caused by catching exceptions that you didn’t mean to catch or handling exceptions in ways that obfuscate the actual error that’s occurring. Which exceptions should you catch and which should you leave unhandled?</li>
<li><a href="https://bernat.tech/posts/pycon-us-2026-packaging-summit-recap/">PyCon US 2026 Packaging Summit Recap</a> – Per-talk notes from the PyCon US 2026 Packaging Summit, including: Emma Smith on Wheel 2.0 and Zstandard compression, Mike Fiedler on PyPI abuse vectors, Mahe Iram Khan on ecosystems, lightning talks on PEP 772, mobile wheels, AI accelerator variants, and the roundtable discussions.</li>
<li><a href="https://codecut.ai/shrink-python-container-slimtoolkit/">Slim Down Python Docker Containers</a> – Learn how SlimToolKit can reduce a Python Docker image by analyzing what your app actually uses at runtime. This tutorial walks through slimming a Chainlit LLM chatbot image, shows where container bloat comes from, and explains how to avoid breaking lazily loaded Python frameworks.</li>
<li><a href="https://mathspp.com/blog/til/resolve-a-lazy-import-manually">Resolve a Lazy Import Manually</a> – Learn how to work around the Python 3.15 machinery to resolve an explicit lazy import manually.</li>
<li><a href="https://mathspp.com/blog/til/inspect-a-lazy-import">TIL #141 – Inspect a lazy import - mathspp</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Projects:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/presidio">presidio: Detect, Redact, & Anonymize Sensitive Data (PII)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/adamghill/dj-toml-settings">dj-toml-settings: Load Django settings from a TOML file</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Additional Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/using-raise-for-effective-exceptions/">Using raise for Effective Exceptions - Real Python Video Course</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/working-builtin-exceptions/">Working With Python’s Built-in Exceptions – Real Python Video Course</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/177/">Episode #177: Welcoming PyPI’s Safety & Security Engineer Mike Fiedler</a></li>
<li><a href="https://chainlit.io/">Chainlit - Build AI applications</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.endorlabs.com/platform/developer-tools?utm_source=Real-python-podcast&utm_medium=video&utm_campaign=auri-for-developers">AURI for Developers - AI-Native AppSec Platform - Endor Labs</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/raising-handling-exceptions/">Raising and Handling Python Exceptions</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/advanced-import-techniques/">Advanced Python import Techniques</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/working-builtin-exceptions/">Working With Python's Built-in Exceptions</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Improving Python Through PEPs and Protocols
<p>Have you ever been confused by the naming of modules you’re importing from a package? Is there a standard way to organize and name your Python virtual environments? This week on the show, Brett Cannon returns to discuss the Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs) he’s been working on recently.</p>
<p>We start with PEP 794, which extends the metadata fields for Python packages to specify the import names a project provides. The metadata will help developers identify the correct project to install when they know the import name or the importable module names a project provides once installed.</p>
<p>We dive back into WebAssembly to discuss PEP 816, which specifies the WASI support in CPython releases. We also wade into the controversy around PEP 832, which proposes standards around naming and the discovery of virtual environments.</p>
<p>Brett shares his motivation for being a prolific author and supporter of PEPs. We discuss his promotion of standards and protocols to simplify the Python ecosystem for current and future developers.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/tapping-into-the-zen-of-python/">Tapping Into the Zen of Python</a></p>
<p>Explore the Zen of Python and its 19 guiding principles for writing readable, practical code. Learn its history, jokes, and meaning.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:01 – Prolific PEP creation</li>
<li>00:03:37 – Improving the future of Python through standards</li>
<li>00:09:30 – PEP 794 - Import Name Metadata</li>
<li>00:30:12 – PEP 816 - WASI (WebAssembly System Interface) Support</li>
<li>00:40:55 – Why the interest in WASI?</li>
<li>00:45:23 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:47:07 – PEP 832 - Virtual Environment Discovery</li>
<li>01:10:02 – Type Server Protocol</li>
<li>01:17:41 – How can people follow your work online?</li>
<li>01:19:12 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://snarky.ca/">Tall, Snarky Canadian</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0794/">PEP 794 – Import Name Metadata</a></li>
<li><a href="https://jcgoran.github.io/2025/11/18/python-import-names.html">Towards fixing Python project names and import modules - Goran et al.</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0816/">PEP 816 – WASI Support</a></li>
<li><a href="https://snarky.ca/state-of-wasi-support-for-cpython-march-2026/">State of WASI support for CPython: March 2026</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0011/">PEP 11 – CPython platform support</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.infoworld.com/article/4150052/how-python-is-getting-serious-about-wasm.html">PEP 816: How Python is getting serious about WASM - InfoWorld</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0832/">PEP 832 – Virtual environment discovery</a></li>
<li><a href="https://discuss.python.org/t/pep-832-virtual-environment-discovery/106998/51">Discussions on Python.org - PEP 832: virtual environment discovery</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/pylance-release/discussions/7180">Type Server Protocol = Abstract out type information</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/pylance-release/blob/main/docs/tsp/type-server-protocol.md">type-server-protocol.md - GitHub - microsoft/pylance-release</a></li>
<li><a href="https://opensource.snarky.ca/About+Me/Frequently+Asked+Questions">Frequently Asked Questions - Open Source by Brett Cannon</a></li>
<li><a href="https://mastodon.social/@brettcannon">Brett Cannon - mastodon.social</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/uv-vs-pip-packaging-dependency-management/">uv vs pip: Python Packaging and Dependency Management</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/tapping-into-the-zen-of-python/">Tapping Into the Zen of Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/writing-beautiful-python-code-pep-8/">Writing Beautiful Pythonic Code With PEP 8</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Managing Polars Schema Issues & Profiling GitHub Users
<p>How can you avoid schema problems in your Polars data pipeline when adding new columns? How can you quickly examine a GitHub user’s profile to decide how much to invest in their contributions? Christopher Trudeau is back on the show this week with another batch of PyCoder’s Weekly articles and projects.</p>
<p>Christopher shares a recent article about handling schema issues in Python Polars. The piece covers ways that a schema change can break your data pipeline. It provides strategies to avoid and resolve issues.</p>
<p>We cover a recent project from previous guest Eric Matthes to investigate GitHub profiles of a potential contributor. With the rise of AI-slop pull requests, the tool can provide valuable background on the user.</p>
<p>We also share other articles and projects from the Python community, including recent releases, exploring four different “get” special methods, what’s new in Pip 26.1, inverse Sapir-Whorf and programming languages, and a Python scripting framework for CAD.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by <a href="https://sixfeetup.com/?utm_source=realpython">Six Feet Up</a>.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/working-with-python-polars/">Working With Python Polars</a></p>
<p>Welcome to the world of Polars, a powerful DataFrame library for Python. In this video course, you’ll get a hands-on introduction to Polars’ core features and see why this library is catching so much buzz.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:51 – Python 3.14.5 is out!</li>
<li>00:03:16 – Python 3.15.0 beta 1 is here!</li>
<li>00:03:34 – PyPy v7.3.22 Released</li>
<li>00:03:45 – Django Security Releases: 6.0.5 and 5.2.14</li>
<li>00:04:04 – 2026 Django Developers Survey</li>
<li>00:04:24 – PEP 797: Shared Object Proxies (Deferred to 3.16)</li>
<li>00:04:40 – PEP 828: Supporting ‘Yield From’ in Asynchronous Generators</li>
<li>00:05:59 – Do You Get It Now?</li>
<li>00:11:54 – Sponsor: Six Feet Up</li>
<li>00:12:47 – Handling Schema Issues in Polars</li>
<li>00:17:10 – What’s New in Pip 26.1</li>
<li>00:24:27 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:25:39 – Inverse Sapir-Whorf and Programming Languages</li>
<li>00:34:04 – cadquery: CAD Scripting Framework</li>
<li>00:38:16 – gh-profiler: Examine a GH user’s profile</li>
<li>00:40:46 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>News:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://blog.python.org/2026/05/python-3145-is-out/">Python 3.14.5 is out! - Python Insider</a></li>
<li><a href="https://blog.python.org/2026/05/python-3150-beta-1/">Python 3.15.0 beta 1 is here! - Python Insider</a></li>
<li><a href="https://pypy.org/posts/2026/04/pypy-v7322-release.html">PyPy v7.3.22 Released</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2026/may/05/security-releases/">Django Security Releases: 6.0.5 and 5.2.14</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2026/may/12/2026-django-developers-survey/">2026 Django Developers Survey - Django</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0797/">PEP 797: Shared Object Proxies (Deferred to 3.16)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0828/">PEP 828: Supporting ‘Yield From’ in Asynchronous Generators (Deferred to 3.16)</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.thepythoncodingstack.com/p/do-you-get-it-now-getitem-getattr-getattribute-get">Do You Get It Now?</a> – Learn about Python’s <code>.__getitem__()</code>, <code>.__getattr__()</code>, <code>.__getattribute__()</code>, and <code>.__get__()</code>: how they’re different and where to use them.</li>
<li><a href="https://pola.rs/posts/schema-evolution/">Handling Schema Issues in Polars</a> – You’ve got this great data pipeline going until one day it stops working. A schema error caused by a column upstream has stopped you in your tracks. This post talks about the four different causes of schema errors and what to do about them.</li>
<li><a href="https://ichard26.github.io/blog/2026/04/whats-new-in-pip-26.1/">What’s New in Pip 26.1</a> – pip 26.1 adds support for dependency cooldowns, experimental support for reading/installing from standard lockfiles (pylock.toml), fixes several long-standing limitations of the 2020 resolver, and drops support for Python 3.9.</li>
<li><a href="https://lukeplant.me.uk/blog/posts/inverse-sapir-whorf-and-programming-languages/">Inverse Sapir-Whorf and Programming Languages</a> – The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is the idea that the languages you speak influence the thoughts you can have. The inverse is the idea that your language limits what you can’t say. When applied to programming, this has subtle results determining core ideas like execution order.</li>
</ul>
<p>Projects:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/cadquery/cadquery">cadquery: CAD Scripting Framework</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ehmatthes/gh-profiler">gh-profiler: Examine a GH user’s profile, to help quickly decide how much to invest in their contributions.</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Additional Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.thepythoncodingstack.com/p/python-descriptors-the-price-is-right">The Weird and Wonderful World of Descriptors in Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/260/">Episode #260: Harnessing the Power of Python Polars</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/280/">Episode #280: Considering Fast and Slow in Python Programming</a></li>
<li><a href="https://blog.yossarian.net/2025/11/21/We-should-all-be-using-dependency-cooldowns">We should all be using dependency cooldowns - William Woodruff</a></li>
<li><a href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/inline-script-metadata/#inline-script-metadata">PEP 723: Inline script metadata</a></li>
<li><a href="https://ichard26.github.io/blog/2026/01/whats-new-in-pip-26.0/">What’s new in pip 26.0 - prerelease and upload-time filtering! - Richard Si</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.theverge.com/ai-artificial-intelligence/827820/large-language-models-ai-intelligence-neuroscience-problems">The AI boom is based on a fundamental mistake - The Verge</a></li>
<li><a href="https://cadquery.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">CadQuery Documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.freecad.org/features.php?lang=en">FreeCAD: Your own 3D parametric modeler</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/python-git-github-intro/">Introduction to Git and GitHub for Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/working-with-python-polars/">Working With Python Polars</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/missing-data-polars/">Working With Missing Data in Polars</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Agentic Architecture: Why Files Aren't Always Enough
<p>What are the limitations of using a file-based agent workflow? Why do massive context windows tend to collapse? This week on the show, Mikiko Bazeley from MongoDB joins us to discuss agentic architecture and context engineering.</p>
<p>Mikiko is an applied AI engineer. She helps developers and organizations build AI and ML applications using MongoDB. We dig into the debate of files versus a database. What are some of the limitations of building an agent with just a folder of files? </p>
<p>We explore the surprising limitations of massive context windows and strategies for fixing them. Mikiko also shares advice and resources to help you get up to speed on building your own agent skills. Our conversation touches on multiple topics in the current development landscape.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by <a href="https://serpapi.com/?utm_source=realpython&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=q12">SerpApi</a>.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Video Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/building-type-safe-llm-agents-with-pydantic-ai/">Building Type-Safe LLM Agents With Pydantic AI</a></p>
<p>Build type-safe LLM agents in Python with Pydantic AI using structured outputs, function calling, and dependency injection.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:31 – Catching up with MongoDB</li>
<li>00:07:02 – Are the files all you need?</li>
<li>00:15:14 – What is a workflow agent?</li>
<li>00:24:43 – Sponsor: SerpApi</li>
<li>00:25:45 – Model vs harness</li>
<li>00:29:57 – Context rot and tool loadouts</li>
<li>00:41:07 – Sharing state and coordination of agents</li>
<li>00:47:27 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:49:16 – What do dataflows look like</li>
<li>01:00:38 – The human-in-the-loop & coding agents</li>
<li>01:10:30 – Resources to explore</li>
<li>01:17:49 – What are you excited about in the world of Python?</li>
<li>01:18:38 – What do you want to learn next?</li>
<li>01:22:54 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://thenewstack.io/ai-agent-memory-architecture/">The “files are all you need” debate misses what’s actually happening in agent memory architecture - The New Stack</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.mongodb.com/">MongoDB: The World’s Leading Modern Data Platform</a></li>
<li><a href="https://venturebeat.com/data/karpathy-shares-llm-knowledge-base-architecture-that-bypasses-rag-with-an">Karpathy shares ‘LLM Knowledge Base’ architecture that bypasses RAG with an evolving markdown library maintained by AI - VentureBeat</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.llamaindex.ai/blog/files-are-all-you-need">Files Are All You Need: Context, Search, Skills Guide | LlamaIndex</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.mongodb.com/company/blog/technical/converged-datastore-for-agentic-ai">Converged Datastore For Agentic AI - MongoDB</a></li>
<li><a href="https://thenewstack.io/why-developers-need-vector-search/">Why Developers Need Vector Search - The New Stack</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.oreilly.com/radar/why-multi-agent-systems-need-memory-engineering/">Why Multi-Agent Systems Need Memory Engineering – O’Reilly</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.philschmid.de/context-engineering">The New Skill in AI is Not Prompting, It’s Context Engineering - Phil Schmid</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.dbreunig.com/2025/06/22/how-contexts-fail-and-how-to-fix-them.html">How Long Contexts Fail - dbreunig.com</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.dbreunig.com/2025/06/26/how-to-fix-your-context.html">How to Fix Your Context - dbreunig.com</a></li>
<li><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.11653">AI Agents Need Memory Control Over More Context - arxiv.org</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.latent.space/p/ainews-is-harness-engineering-real">AINews - Is Harness Engineering real? - Latent.Space</a></li>
<li><a href="https://adambaitch.substack.com/p/the-model-vs-the-harness-which-actually-matters-more-59dd3116bb31">The Model vs. the Harness: Which Actually Matters More?</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/chromadb-vector-database/">Embeddings and Vector Databases With ChromaDB – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/humanlayer/12-factor-agents">12-factor-agents: What are the principles we can use to build LLM-powered software that is actually good enough to put in the hands of production customers?</a></li>
<li><a href="https://12factor.net/">The Twelve-Factor App</a></li>
<li><a href="https://learn.mongodb.com/">MongoDB Courses and Trainings - MongoDB University</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/mongodb-js/mongodb-mcp-server">mongodb-mcp-server: A Model Context Protocol server to connect to MongoDB databases and MongoDB Atlas Clusters.</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.mongodb.com/docs/mcp-server/">What is the MongoDB MCP Server? - MongoDB Docs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/mongodb/mongo-python-driver">mongo-python-driver: PyMongo - the Official MongoDB Python driver</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/mongodb/agent-skills">agent-skills: Use the official MongoDB Skills with your favorite coding agent to build faster.</a></li>
<li><a href="https://reachymini.net/">Reachy Mini - Open-Source Desktop Humanoid Robot</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mikikobazeley/">👩🏻💻 Mikiko B. - LinkedIn</a></li>
<li><a href="https://mikikobazeley.substack.com/">Building AI Products From Scratch - Mikiko Bazeley - Substack</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/getting-started-claude-code/">Getting Started With Claude Code</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/building-type-safe-llm-agents-with-pydantic-ai/">Building Type-Safe LLM Agents With Pydantic AI</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/pydantic-simplify-data-validation/">Using Pydantic to Simplify Python Data Validation</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Declarative Charts in Python & Discerning Iterators vs Iterables
<p>What if you could build charts in Python by describing what your data means, instead of scripting every visual detail? Christopher Trudeau is back on the show this week with another batch of PyCoder’s Weekly articles and projects.</p>
<p>We cover a recent Real Python article about the data visualization library Altair. Most tools require you to write detailed boilerplate code to set up the axis and figure. Altair follows a declarative approach where you specify which columns go to which axis, the type of chart or plot, and what should be interactive. </p>
<p>We also share other articles and projects from the Python community, including recent releases, clarifying the differences between iterators and iterables, decoupling your business logic from the Django ORM, comparing an LLM-based tool for web scraping against Playwright, a neural network emulator for guitar amplifiers, and a CLI tool to generate ASCII art of the current moon phase.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by Build Your Own Coding Agent.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Video Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/use-codex-cli-enhance-your-python-projects/">Use Codex CLI to Enhance Your Python Projects</a></p>
<p>Learn how to use Codex CLI to add features to Python projects directly from your terminal, without needing a browser or IDE plugins.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:38 – Read the Docs Now Supports <code>uv</code> Natively</li>
<li>00:03:09 – Reverting the Incremental GC in Python 3.14 and 3.15</li>
<li>00:04:51 – Altair: Declarative Charts With Python</li>
<li>00:12:23 – Sponsor: Build Your Own Coding Agent</li>
<li>00:13:17 – Decoupling Your Business Logic From the Django ORM</li>
<li>00:19:51 – <code>browser-use</code> vs. Playwright: Which to Pick for Web Scraping?</li>
<li>00:26:58 – 2048: iterators and iterables - Ned Batchelder</li>
<li>00:31:31 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:33:00 – Discussion: Jumping back into solo developer mode</li>
<li>00:46:59 – neural-amp-modeler: Neural network emulator for guitar amplifiers</li>
<li>00:51:48 – ascii-moon-phase-python: CLI for ASCII art of the current moon phase</li>
<li>00:53:11 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
<li>00:54:43 – Appendix: Neural Amp Modeler - Demo</li>
</ul>
<p>News:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://about.readthedocs.com/blog/2026/04/uv-native-support/">Read the Docs Now Supports <code>uv</code> Natively</a> – Popular open source documentation site Read the Docs has announced they now support native <code>uv</code> in <code>.readthedocs.yaml</code> for Python dependency installation. Learn how to use it in your configurations</li>
<li><a href="https://discuss.python.org/t/reverting-the-incremental-gc-in-python-3-14-and-3-15/107014">Reverting the Incremental GC in Python 3.14 and 3.15</a></li>
<li><a href="https://adamj.eu/tech/2026/04/20/django-python-3.14-incremental-gc/">Fixing a Memory “Leak” From Python 3.14’s Incremental Garbage Collection</a> – Adam encountered an out-of-memory error while migrating a client project to Python 3.14. The issue occurred when running Django’s database migration command on a limited-resource server, and seemed to be caused by the new incremental garbage collection algorithm in Python 3.14.</li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/altair-python/">Altair: Declarative Charts With Python</a> – Build interactive Python charts the declarative way with Altair. Map data to visual properties and add linked selections. No JavaScript required.</li>
<li><a href="https://buttondown.com/carlton/archive/decoupling-your-business-logic-from-the-django-orm/">Decoupling Your Business Logic From the Django ORM</a> – Where should I keep my business logic? This is a perennial topic in Django. This article proposes a continuum of cases, each with increasing complexity.</li>
<li><a href="https://codecut.ai/browser-use-ai-browser-agent/"><code>browser-use</code> vs. Playwright: Which to Pick for Web Scraping?</a> – Follow along in this walk-through building a Hacker News synthesizer with browser-use, then see it fail on a harder Newegg scraping task. Includes a side-by-side comparison with Playwright and a breakdown of when each tool is the right call.</li>
<li><a href="https://nedbatchelder.com/blog/202507/2048_iterators_and_iterables">2048: iterators and iterables - Ned Batchelder</a> – Making a terminal based version of the 2048 game, Ned waded into a classic iterator/iterable confusion. This article shows you how they’re different and how confusing them can cause you problems in your code.</li>
</ul>
<p>Projects:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/sdatkinson/neural-amp-modeler">neural-amp-modeler: Neural network emulator for guitar amplifiers</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/asweigart/ascii-moon-phase-python">ascii-moon-phase-python: Command line program that outputs ASCII art of the current moon phase</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Additional Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://altair-viz.github.io/index.html">Vega-Altair: Declarative Visualization in Python — Vega-Altair 6.1.0dev documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/python-iterators-iterables/">Iterators and Iterables in Python: Run Efficient Iterations – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.neuralampmodeler.com/">Neural Amp Modeler - Highly-accurate free and open-source amp modeling plugin</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.tone3000.com/">TONE3000 Official · Neural Amp Modeler (NAM) Profiles and Impulse Responses (IR’s)</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/efficient-iterations-iterators-iterables/">Efficient Iterations With Python Iterators and Iterables</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/use-codex-cli-enhance-your-python-projects/">Use Codex CLI to Enhance Your Python Projects</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/graph-data-with-python-and-ggplot/">Graph Your Data With Python and ggplot</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Agentic Data Science Pair Programming With marimo pair
<p>How do you add agent skills to your data science workflow? How can a coding agent assist with data wrangling and research? This week on the show, Trevor Manz from marimo joins us to discuss marimo pair.</p>
<p>Trevor is a founding engineer at marimo, where he’s been working on integrating LLM tools with marimo. We discuss the balancing act of building a skill and determining how to give an agent access to all the variables in a notebook. He shares how they built a specialized reactive REPL that eliminates hidden state and allows the agent to continue constructing a reproducible Python program.</p>
<p>We dig into installing and getting started with marimo pair. Trevor also covers several of the tasks an agent can tackle in a data science workflow.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Video Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/getting-started-with-marimo-notebooks/">Getting Started With marimo Notebooks</a></p>
<p>Discover how marimo notebook simplifies coding with reactive updates, UI elements, and sandboxing for safe, sharable notebooks.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:26 – Trevor’s role at marimo</li>
<li>00:03:08 – Current AI tools in marimo</li>
<li>00:06:26 – Describing marimo notebooks</li>
<li>00:10:11 – What is marimo pair?</li>
<li>00:18:49 – Building an agent skill</li>
<li>00:27:34 – Setup & installation</li>
<li>00:31:16 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:32:42 – Examples of EDA and data wrangling</li>
<li>00:45:46 – Experimenting inside of a notebook</li>
<li>00:50:40 – Managing context</li>
<li>00:53:25 – Accessing additional libraries</li>
<li>00:57:16 – Recent tools and updates from the marimo community</li>
<li>00:59:31 – What are you excited about in the world of Python?</li>
<li>01:01:10 – What do you want to learn next?</li>
<li>01:02:26 – How can people follow your work online?</li>
<li>01:03:13 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://marimo.io/blog/marimo-pair">Introducing marimo pair - marimo</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/marimo-team/marimo-pair">marimo-pair: Drop agents inside running marimo notebook sessions</a></li>
<li><a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47678844">Marimo pair – Reactive Python notebooks as environments for agents - Hacker News</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/230/">Episode #230: marimo: Reactive Notebooks and Deployable Web Apps in Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6uaqtchDnoc">marimo Pair - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VKvjPJeNRPk">We gave Claude Access to All Python Variables - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.marimo.io/guides/editor_features/ai_completion/">Using the marimo editor’s AI features - marimo</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ty">ty: An extremely fast Python type checker and language server, written in Rust.</a></li>
<li><a href="https://molab.marimo.io/notebooks">molab - marimo</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/marimo-notebook/">marimo: A Reactive, Reproducible Notebook – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/investigating-quasar-data-polars-marimo-notebooks/">Investigating Quasar Data With Polars and Interactive marimo Notebooks – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://marimo.io/blog">Blog - marimo</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/trevor-manz/">Trevor Manz - LinkedIn</a></li>
<li><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/manzt.sh">trevor manz (@manzt.sh) — Bluesky</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/investigating-quasar-data-polars-marimo-notebooks/">Investigating Quasar Data With Polars and Interactive marimo Notebooks</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/getting-started-claude-code/">Getting Started With Claude Code</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/getting-started-with-marimo-notebooks/">Getting Started With marimo Notebooks</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Becoming a Better Python Developer Through Learning Rust
<p>How can learning Rust help make you a better Python Developer? How do techniques required by a compiled language translate to improving your Python code? Christopher Trudeau is back on the show this week with another batch of PyCoder’s Weekly articles and projects.</p>
<p>We discuss a recent article by Bob Belderbos titled “Learning Rust Made Me a Better Python Developer.” Bob has been on a journey learning to program in Rust, which has made him rethink how he’s been writing Python. The compiler forced him to confront things he’d been ignoring.</p>
<p>We also share other articles and projects from the Python community, including recent releases, a boatload of PEPs, NumPy as a synth engine, firing and forgetting with Python’s asyncio, managing state with signals in Python, a documentation site generator for Python packages, and a tool to explain your Python environment.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by AgentField.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Video Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/using-loguru-to-simplify-python-logging/">Using Loguru to Simplify Python Logging</a></p>
<p>Learn how to use Loguru for simpler Python logging, from zero-config setup and custom formats to file rotation, retention, and adding context.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:23 – Python 3.15.0a8, 3.14.4 and 3.13.13 Released</li>
<li>00:03:01 – Django Security Releases: 6.0.4, 5.2.13, and 4.2.30</li>
<li>00:03:38 – DjangoCon Europe 2027 Call for Organizers</li>
<li>00:04:04 – PEP 803: <code>"abi3t"</code>: Stable ABI for Free-Threaded Builds</li>
<li>00:04:44 – PEP 829: Structured Startup Configuration via .site.toml File</li>
<li>00:05:18 – PEP 830 – Add timestamps to exceptions and tracebacks</li>
<li>00:05:44 – PEP 831 – Frame Pointers Everywhere: Enabling System-Level Observability for Python</li>
<li>00:06:59 – PEP 832 – Virtual environment discovery</li>
<li>00:10:13 – PyCoder’s Weekly - Submit a Link</li>
<li>00:11:15 – NumPy as Synth Engine</li>
<li>00:21:04 – Sponsor: AgentField</li>
<li>00:22:05 – Fire and Forget at Textual</li>
<li>00:25:39 – Learning Rust Made Me a Better Python Developer</li>
<li>00:34:06 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:35:49 – Signals: State Management for Python Developers</li>
<li>00:40:34 – great-docs: Documentation Site Generator for Python Package</li>
<li>00:42:32 – pywho: Explain Your Python Environment and Detect Shadows</li>
<li>00:44:01 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>News:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://blog.python.org/2026/04/python-3150a8-3144-31313/">Python 3.15.0a8, 3.14.4 and 3.13.13 Released</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2026/apr/07/security-releases/">Django Security Releases: 6.0.4, 5.2.13, and 4.2.30</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2026/apr/07/could-you-host-djangocon-europe-2027-call-for-orga/">DjangoCon Europe 2027 Call for Organizers</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0803/">PEP 803: <code>"abi3t"</code>: Stable ABI for Free-Threaded Builds (Accepted)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0829/">PEP 829: Structured Startup Configuration via .site.toml Files (Added)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0830/">PEP 830 – Add timestamps to exceptions and tracebacks</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0831/">PEP 831 – Frame Pointers Everywhere: Enabling System-Level Observability for Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0832/">PEP 832 – Virtual environment discovery</a></li>
<li><a href="https://pycoders.com/submissions">PyCoder’s Weekly - Submit a Link</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/">The Real Python Podcast</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://kennethreitz.org/essays/2026-03-29-numpy_as_synth_engine">NumPy as Synth Engine</a> – Kenneth has “recorded” a song in a Python script. The catch? No sampling, no recording, no pre-recorded sound. Everything was done through generating wave functions in NumPy. Learn how to become a mathematical musician.</li>
<li><a href="https://mkennedy.codes/posts/fire-and-forget-at-textual/">Fire and Forget at Textual</a> – In this follow up to a previous article (<a href="https://mkennedy.codes/posts/fire-and-forget-or-never-with-python-s-asyncio/">Fire and forget (or never) with Python’s asyncio</a>, Michael discusses a similar article by Will McGugan as it relates to Textual. He found the problematic pattern in over 500K GitHub files.</li>
<li><a href="https://belderbos.dev/blog/rust-made-me-a-better-python-developer/">Learning Rust Made Me a Better Python Developer</a> – Bob thinks that learning Rust made him a better Python developer. Not because Rust is better, but because it made him think differently about how he has been writing Python. The compiler forced him to confront things he’d been ignoring.</li>
<li><a href="https://bui.app/the-missing-manual-for-signals-state-management-for-python-developers/">Signals: State Management for Python Developers</a> – If you’ve ever debugged why your cache didn’t invalidate or notifications stopped firing after a “simple” state change, this guide is for you. Signals are becoming a JavaScript standard, but Python developers can use the same patterns to eliminate “forgot to update that thing” bugs.</li>
</ul>
<p>Projects:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/posit-dev/great-docs">great-docs: Documentation Site Generator for Python Packages</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/AhsanSheraz/pywho">pywho: Explain Your Python Environment and Detect Shadows</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Additional Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://kennethreitz.org/essays/2026-03-18-open_source_gave_me_everything_until_i_had_nothing_left_to_give">Open Source Gave Me Everything Until I Had Nothing Left to Give - Kenneth Reitz</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/shorts/iDOF4eokTHc">Yeah… this was impressive to see. #tabla - Escalated Quickly - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kennethreitz.org/essays/2026-03-25-pytheory_is_awesome">PyTheory Is Awesome - Kenneth Reitz</a> </li>
<li><a href="https://pytheory.kennethreitz.org/index.html">PyTheory: Music Theory for Humans – PyTheory 0.42.1 documentation</a> </li>
<li><a href="https://kennethreitz.org/essays/2026-03-25-a_mini_daw_in_the_python_repl">A Mini DAW in the Python REPL - Kenneth Reitz</a> </li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/210/">Episode #210: Creating a Guitar Synthesizer & Generating WAV Files With Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://anginedepoitrine.com/videos">Angine de Poitrine - Vidéos</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/195/">Episode #195: Building a Healthy Developer Mindset While Learning Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rsbit.es/">Bite‑sized Rust learning, powered by Pybites</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/214/">Episode #214: Build Captivating Display Tables in Python With Great Tables</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/thread-safety-locks-other-techniques/">Thread Safety in Python: Locks and Other Techniques</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/numpy-techniques-practical-examples/">NumPy Techniques and Practical Examples</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/using-loguru-to-simplify-python-logging/">Using Loguru to Simplify Python Logging</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Reassessing the LLM Landscape & Summoning Ghosts
<p>What are the current techniques being employed to improve the performance of LLM-based systems? How is the industry shifting from post-training towards context engineering and multi-agent orchestration? This week on the show, Jodie Burchell, data scientist and Python Advocacy Team Lead at JetBrains, returns to discuss the current AI coding landscape.</p>
<p>In our last conversation, Jodie covered how LLMs were approaching the limits of scaling laws. This time, we recap last year’s big focus on reasoning models and a post-training method called “reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards” (RLVR). We also cover test-time compute, where models spend more time reasoning through steps and considering multiple approaches to solve a problem.</p>
<p>We touch on Agent Context Protocol (ACP), agent orchestration layers, and context engineering. We also share some concerns about the hype cycle, maintaining all that code being generated, and running local models.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/vector-databases-embeddings-chromadb/">Vector Databases and Embeddings With ChromaDB</a></p>
<p>Learn how to use ChromaDB, an open-source vector database, to store embeddings and give context to large language models in Python.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:02 – Build a Language-Learning Agent course</li>
<li>00:02:55 – Update on the past six months of LLMs</li>
<li>00:05:32 – Reinforcement Learning From Verifiable Rewards</li>
<li>00:07:32 – Test Time Compute</li>
<li>00:08:36 – 2025 and the rise of agents</li>
<li>00:14:24 – Benchmarks shifting</li>
<li>00:15:23 – Andrew Karpathy and jagged intelligence</li>
<li>00:19:16 – Not evolving or growing animals but summoning ghosts</li>
<li>00:23:34 – Diminishing gains in newer models</li>
<li>00:24:23 – Context Engineering</li>
<li>00:35:01 – Multi-agent systems and diversity of models</li>
<li>00:36:56 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:38:34 – Current generation of coding agents</li>
<li>00:44:00 – Fast vs deep reasoning</li>
<li>00:45:18 – Agent Context Protocol</li>
<li>00:50:19 – Working through the hype cycle</li>
<li>00:55:43 – Open-source contribution pollution</li>
<li>00:57:21 – Local models</li>
<li>00:58:36 – Rick Beato comparing how the music industry failed</li>
<li>01:08:41 – LLMs are an amazing development</li>
<li>01:11:33 – Keynote talk on AI summers and winters</li>
<li>01:12:45 – PyCon US and EuroPython</li>
<li>01:14:11 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j4sNAwrx3kc&t=86s">AI Agent Course - Build a Language‑Learning Agent with OpenAI, LangGraph, Ollama & MCP - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/264/">Episode #264: Large Language Models on the Edge of the Scaling Laws</a></li>
<li><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14245">Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards Implicitly Incentivizes Correct Reasoning in Base LLMs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://labelbox.com/solutions/reinforcement-learning-with-verifiable-rewards/">Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://huggingface.co/blog/Kseniase/testtimecompute">What is test-time compute and how to scale it?</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overfitting">Overfitting - Wikipedia</a></li>
<li><a href="https://karpathy.bearblog.dev/year-in-review-2025/">2025 LLM Year in Review - karpathy</a></li>
<li><a href="https://karpathy.bearblog.dev/animals-vs-ghosts/">Animals vs Ghosts - karpathy</a></li>
<li><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14569">Agent Context Protocols Enhance Collective Inference</a></li>
<li><a href="https://wagtail.org/blog/open-source-ai-we-use-to-work-on-wagtail/">Open source AI we use to work on Wagtail - Wagtail CMS</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iRqpsCHqLUI">LLMs for Devs: Model Selection, Hallucinations, Agents, AGI – Jodie Burchell - The Marco Show</a></li>
<li><a href="https://t-redactyl.io/talks/2025-06-29-can-you-trust-your-large-language-model/">Keynote - Can you trust your (large language) model? - Standard error</a></li>
<li><a href="https://pydantic.dev/articles/the-human-in-the-loop-is-tired">The Human-in-the-Loop is Tired</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTLnnoZPALI">How AI Will Fail Like The Music Industry - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.theringer.com/podcasts/plain-english-with-derek-thompson/2026/03/17/yes-ai-is-a-bubble-there-is-no-question">“Yes, AI Is a Bubble. There Is No Question.” - The Ringer</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5s_gsu9Hgs">Keynote: AI is having its moment … again - Jodie Burchell - NDC Copenhagen 2025</a></li>
<li><a href="https://us.pycon.org/2026/">PyCon US 2026</a></li>
<li><a href="https://ep2026.europython.eu/">EuroPython 2026 - July 13th-19th 2026 - Kraków, Poland</a></li>
<li><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/t-redactyl.bsky.social">Jodie Burchell (@t-redactyl.bsky.social) — Bluesky</a></li>
<li><a href="https://t-redactyl.io/">Standard error</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/vector-databases-embeddings-chromadb/">Vector Databases and Embeddings With ChromaDB</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/getting-started-claude-code/">Getting Started With Claude Code</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/getting-started-google-gemini-cli/">Getting Started With Google Gemini CLI</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Advice on Managing Projects & Making Python Classes Friendly
<p>What goes into managing a major project? What techniques can you employ for a project that’s in crisis? Christopher Trudeau is back on the show this week with another batch of PyCoder’s Weekly articles and projects.</p>
<p>We discuss an article by Ben Kuhn titled, “How I’ve Run Major Projects.” We dig into the skills required for project management, and provide advice for when projects fall into crisis. We cover how the field’s terminology has been updated. However, the time investment, sober communication, and planning still remain at the core of successful projects.</p>
<p>We also share other articles and projects from the Python community, including recent releases and announcements, exploring an IDE for data science development, using Python set comprehensions, making friendly classes, using <code>atexit</code> for cleanup, a high-performance caching library for Python written in Rust, and a curated list of awesome marimo things.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by PropelAuth.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Video Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/python-data-classes/">Using Data Classes in Python</a></p>
<p>When using data classes, you don’t have to write boilerplate code to get proper initialization, representation, and comparisons for your objects.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:15 – Starlette 1.0 Released</li>
<li>00:03:08 – PyOhio 2026 Call for Proposals Now Open!</li>
<li>00:03:42 – Spyder: Your IDE for Data Science Development in Python</li>
<li>00:11:04 – Python Set Comprehensions: How and When to Use Them</li>
<li>00:14:40 – Sponsor: PropelAuth</li>
<li>00:15:17 – Making Friendly Classes</li>
<li>00:23:51 – How to Use <code>atexit</code> for Cleanup</li>
<li>00:25:49 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:27:14 – How I’ve run major projects</li>
<li>00:47:47 – awesome-marimo: Curated List of Awesome Marimo Things</li>
<li>00:51:37 – moka-py: A high performance caching library for Python written in Rust</li>
<li>00:53:24 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>News:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://marcelotryle.com/blog/2026/03/22/starlette-10-is-here/">Starlette 1.0 Released</a></li>
<li><a href="https://pretalx.com/pyohio-2026/cfp">PyOhio 2026 Call for Proposals Now Open!</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/spyder-ide/">Spyder: Your IDE for Data Science Development in Python</a> – Learn how to use the Spyder IDE, a Python code editor built for scientists, engineers, and data analysts working with data-heavy workflows.</li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/python-set-comprehension/">Python Set Comprehensions: How and When to Use Them</a> – In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to write set comprehensions in Python. You’ll also explore the most common use cases for set comprehensions and learn about some bad practices that you should avoid when using them in your code.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.pythonmorsels.com/friendly-classes/">Making Friendly Classes</a> – What’s a friendly class? One that accepts sensible arguments, has a nice string representation, and supports equality checks. Read on to learn how to write them.</li>
<li><a href="https://91be7d95.til-blog-7t3.pages.dev/blog/python-atexit/">How to Use <code>atexit</code> for Cleanup</a> – Divakar recently came across Python’s <code>atexit</code> module and became curious about practical use cases in real-world applications. To explore it, he created a simple client-server app that uses a clean-up function.</li>
</ul>
<p>Discussion:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.benkuhn.net/pjm/">How I’ve run major projects: benkuhn.net</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Projects:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/marimo-team/awesome-marimo">awesome-marimo: Curated List of Awesome Marimo Things</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/deliro/moka-py">moka-py: A high performance caching library for Python written in Rust</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Additional Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://positron.posit.co/">Positron</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/python-data-classes/">Data Classes in Python (Guide) – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/230/">Episode #230: marimo: Reactive Notebooks and Deployable Web Apps in Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/getting-started-with-marimo-notebooks/">Getting Started With marimo Notebooks – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/investigating-quasar-data-polars-marimo-notebooks/">Investigating Quasar Data With Polars and Interactive marimo Notebooks</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/python-data-classes/">Using Data Classes in Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/investigating-quasar-data-polars-marimo-notebooks/">Investigating Quasar Data With Polars and Interactive marimo Notebooks</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/getting-started-with-marimo-notebooks/">Getting Started With marimo Notebooks</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Limitations in Human and Automated Code Review
<p>With the mountains of Python code that it’s possible to generate now, how’s your code review going? What are the limitations of human review, and where does machine review excel? Christopher Trudeau is back on the show this week with another batch of PyCoder’s Weekly articles and projects.</p>
<p>We discuss a recent piece from Glyph titled, “What Is Code Review For?” We dig into the limitations of human review and where software tools like linters and formatters can help you. We cover the challenges developers and open-source maintainers face with the rise of LLM-generated code and pull requests.</p>
<p>We also share other articles and projects from the Python community, including a collection of recent releases and announcements, creating publication-ready tables from DataFrames, choosing the right Python task queue, mastering context managers, statically checking Python dicts for completeness, an open-source inventory management system, and an ORM-based backend for Django tasks.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by SerpApi.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/workshops/intermediate-deep-dive/">Intermediate Python Deep Dive: Write Better Python and Build Better Systems</a></p>
<p>Master advanced patterns, OOP, and Pythonic design in eight weeks–with live expert guidance.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:32 – DuckDB 1.5.0 Released</li>
<li>00:03:11 – PyPy v7.3.21 Released</li>
<li>00:03:30 – Sunsetting Jazzband</li>
<li>00:04:08 – Thoughts on OpenAI acquiring Astral and uv/ruff/ty</li>
<li>00:05:19 – Great Tables: Publication-Ready Tables From DataFrames</li>
<li>00:10:24 – Comparing PDF Table Extraction Tools</li>
<li>00:11:53 – Sponsor: SerpApi</li>
<li>00:12:55 – Choosing the Right Python Task Queue</li>
<li>00:16:57 – Mastering Python Context Managers</li>
<li>00:22:40 – Statically Checking Python Dicts for Completeness</li>
<li>00:25:00 – Spotlight: Intermediate Python Deep Dive</li>
<li>00:26:16 – What Is Code Review For?</li>
<li>00:43:48 – usdatasets: Installable Collection of Datasets on USA</li>
<li>00:45:22 – InvenTree: OSS Inventory Management System</li>
<li>00:48:01 – django-tasks-db: An ORM-based Backend for Django Tasks</li>
<li>00:49:41 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>News:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://duckdb.org/2026/03/09/announcing-duckdb-150">DuckDB 1.5.0 Released</a></li>
<li><a href="https://pypy.org/posts/2026/03/pypy-v7320-release.html">PyPy v7.3.21 Released</a></li>
<li><a href="https://jazzband.co/news/2026/03/14/sunsetting-jazzband">Sunsetting Jazzband</a></li>
<li><a href="https://simonwillison.net/2026/Mar/19/openai-acquiring-astral/">Thoughts on OpenAI acquiring Astral and uv/ruff/ty</a></li>
<li><a href="https://wsvincent.com/openai-acquiring-astral/">OpenAI Acquiring Astral: A 4th Option for Fun - Will Vincent</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://codecut.ai/great-tables-python/">Great Tables: Publication-Ready Tables From DataFrames</a> – Learn how to create publication-ready tables from Pandas and Polars DataFrames using Great Tables. Format currencies, add sparklines, apply conditional styling, and export to PNG.</li>
<li><a href="https://codecut.ai/docling-vs-marker-vs-llamaparse/">Comparing PDF Table Extraction Tools</a> – This article explores three Python tools for PDF table extraction: Docling, Marker, and LlamaParse. Learn which handles merged cells and multi-level headers best.</li>
<li><a href="https://judoscale.com/blog/choose-python-task-queue">Choosing the Right Python Task Queue</a> – Python has great options for task queues. Choosing between Celery and RQ isn’t an easy decision. Jump in and learn how each option compares!</li>
<li><a href="https://hazimed.com/2025/09/21/mastering-python-context-managers-beyond-just-with-open/">Mastering Python Context Managers</a> – Go beyond just using <code>open()</code> and learn how Python context managers work and where they are useful.</li>
<li><a href="https://lukeplant.me.uk/blog/posts/statically-checking-python-dicts-for-completeness/">Statically Checking Python Dicts for Completeness</a> – To keep code concerns separate, you might have two data structures (like an Enum and a dict) that are supposed to change in sequence: adding a value to the Enum requires you to add a similar value in the dict. This is common when separating business logic from UI code. This article shows you ways of making sure the corresponding changes happen together.</li>
</ul>
<p>Discussion:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://blog.glyph.im/2026/03/what-is-code-review-for.html">What Is Code Review For?</a> – This post explores just what you should and should not use code reviews for. Learn when to use linters to catch problems vs when human review is important.</li>
<li><a href="https://simonwillison.net/2025/Dec/18/code-proven-to-work/">Your job is to deliver code you have proven to work</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Projects:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/usdatasets/">usdatasets: Installable Collection of Datasets on USA</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/inventree/InvenTree">InvenTree: OSS Inventory Management System</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/RealOrangeOne/django-tasks-db">django-tasks-db: An ORM-based Backend for Django Tasks</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Additional Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/214/">Episode #214: Build Captivating Display Tables in Python With Great Tables</a></li>
<li><a href="https://posit-dev.github.io/great-tables/blog/">Great Blogposts – great_tables</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/python-with-statement/">Python’s with Statement: Manage External Resources Safely – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/with-statement-python/">Context Managers and Using Python’s with Statement – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/183/">Episode #183: Exploring Code Reviews in Python and Automating the Process</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/246/">Episode #246: Learning Intermediate Python With a Deep Dive Course</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/modern-python-linting-ruff/">Modern Python Linting With Ruff</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/with-statement-python/">Context Managers and Using Python's with Statement</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/asynchronous-tasks-celery-django/">Creating Asynchronous Tasks With Celery and Django</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Automate Exploratory Data Analysis & Invent Python Comprehensions
<p>How do you quickly get an understanding of what’s inside a new set of data? How can you share an exploratory data analysis with your team? Christopher Trudeau is back on the show this week with another batch of PyCoder’s Weekly articles and projects.</p>
<p>We discuss a recent Real Python tutorial about YData Profiling. This library lets you quickly generate an exploratory data analysis (EDA) report with a few lines of code. The report provides column-level analysis, visualizations, and summary statistics that can be exported to HTML to share with others. </p>
<p>We cover an article by Trey Hunner about building your own Python comprehensions. Python includes list, dictionary, and set comprehensions. But what if you want to create ones for other collections, such as a tuple, frozenset, or a Counter?</p>
<p>We also share other articles and projects from the Python community, including a collection of recent releases and PEPs, using the Django ORM as a standalone module, a history of attempts to eliminate programmers, a discussion of bad managers, a modern Python project template, and a CLI to summarize code size by language.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by AgentField.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/understand-list-comprehensions/">Understanding Python List Comprehensions</a> </p>
<p>Python list comprehensions make it easy to create lists while performing sophisticated filtering, mapping, and conditional logic on their members. In this course, you’ll learn when to use list comprehensions in Python and how to create them effectively.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:46 – Python 3.12.13, 3.11.15, 3.10.20 and Python 3.15.0 alpha 7 Released</li>
<li>00:03:25 – Django Security Releases Issued: 6.0.3, 5.2.12, and 4.2.29</li>
<li>00:03:39 – PEP 825: Wheel Variants: Package Format</li>
<li>00:04:20 – PEP 827: Type Manipulation</li>
<li>00:05:11 – Automate Python Data Analysis With YData Profiling</li>
<li>00:11:31 – Django ORM Standalone: Querying an Existing Database</li>
<li>00:16:43 – Sponsor: AgentField</li>
<li>00:17:42 – Invent Your Own Comprehensions in Python</li>
<li>00:22:34 – A History of Attempts to Eliminate Programmers</li>
<li>00:28:51 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:30:03 – Three Bad Managers</li>
<li>00:50:42 – python_template: Modern Python Project Template</li>
<li>00:53:38 – tallyman: CLI to Summarize Code Size by Language</li>
<li>00:55:06 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>News:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://blog.python.org/2026/03/python-31213-31115-31020/">Python 3.12.13, 3.11.15 and 3.10.20 Released</a></li>
<li><a href="https://blog.python.org/2026/03/python-3150-alpha-7/">Python 3.15.0 alpha 7 - Python Insider</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2026/mar/03/security-releases/">Django Security Releases Issued: 6.0.3, 5.2.12, and 4.2.29</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0825/">PEP 825: Wheel Variants: Package Format (Added)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0827/">PEP 827: Type Manipulation (Added)</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/ydata-profiling-eda/">Automate Python Data Analysis With YData Profiling</a> – Automate exploratory data analysis by transforming DataFrames into interactive reports with one command from YData Profiling.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.paulox.net/2026/02/20/django-orm-standalone-database-inspectdb-query/">Django ORM Standalone: Querying an Existing Database</a> – A practical step-by-step guide to using Django ORM in standalone mode to connect to and query an existing database using <code>inspectdb</code>.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.pythonmorsels.com/custom-comprehensions/">Invent Your Own Comprehensions in Python</a> – Python doesn’t have tuple, frozenset, or Counter comprehensions, but you can invent your own by passing a generator expression to any iterable-accepting callable.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.ivanturkovic.com/2026/01/22/history-software-simplification-cobol-ai-hype/">A History of Attempts to Eliminate Programmers</a> – From COBOL in the 1960s to AI in the 2020s, every generation promises to eliminate programmers. Explore the recurring cycles of software simplification hype.</li>
</ul>
<p>Discussion:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://randsinrepose.com/archives/three-bad-managers/">Three Bad Managers – Rands in Repose</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Projects:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/mameli/python_template">python_template: Modern Python Project Template</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/mikeckennedy/tallyman">tallyman: CLI to Summarize Code Size by Language</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Additional Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/list-comprehension-python/">When to Use a List Comprehension in Python – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/understand-list-comprehensions/">Understanding Python List Comprehensions – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.mameli.dev/blog/modern-data-python-stack/">A Modern Python Stack for Data Projects</a></li>
<li><a href="https://copier.readthedocs.io/en/stable/">copier</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.cookiecutter.io/">Cookiecutter</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/understand-list-comprehensions/">Understanding Python List Comprehensions</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/set-up-django-project/">How to Set Up a Django Project</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/pandas-dataframe-working-with-data/">The pandas DataFrame: Working With Data Efficiently</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Crafting and Editing In-Depth Tutorials at Real Python
<p>What goes into creating the tutorials you read at Real Python? What are the steps in the editorial process, and who are the people behind the scenes? This week on the show, Real Python team members Martin Breuss, Brenda Weleschuk, and Philipp Acsany join us to discuss topic curation, review stages, and quality assurance.</p>
<p>We start by sharing the multiple roles our panel of guests perform across the editorial process. They describe the phases a tutorial passes through, including layers of reviews, from technical accuracy to educational effectiveness. We also discuss our editorial independence, external authors, and the continuous feedback loop with our readers.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by AgentField.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/workshops/claude-code/">Claude Code Course: Stop Copy-Pasting From ChatGPT</a></p>
<p>Most Python developers use AI as fancy autocomplete. This 2-day course teaches you to build entire projects with an AI agent inside your codebase.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:03:33 – Martin’s role at Real Python</li>
<li>00:04:35 – Philipp’s role at Real Python</li>
<li>00:05:27 – Brenda’s role at Real Python</li>
<li>00:06:49 – Internal core team and external contributors</li>
<li>00:13:46 – Selecting topics and subjects</li>
<li>00:21:43 – Outlining and review</li>
<li>00:28:26 – Sponsor: AgentField</li>
<li>00:29:27 – Writing drafts</li>
<li>00:34:03 – Changes to our style and format</li>
<li>00:37:32 – Technical review and using Git</li>
<li>00:43:53 – Didactic review</li>
<li>00:52:59 – Language edit</li>
<li>00:57:16 – Spotlight: Claude Code Live Course</li>
<li>00:59:00 – Final QA</li>
<li>01:01:00 – Scheduling</li>
<li>01:03:36 – Reader feedback and updating existing tutorials</li>
<li>01:06:04 – Using modern tools</li>
<li>01:13:59 – Shining the light on contributors</li>
<li>01:16:26 – Independence and editorial choices</li>
<li>01:19:10 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/editorial-guidelines/">Editorial Guidelines – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/team/">Meet Our Team</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/team/mbreuss/">About Martin Breuss</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/team/pacsany/">About Philipp Acsany</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/team/bweleschuk/">About Brenda Weleschuk</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/account/signup/?next=%2Faccount%2Fonboarding%2Fplan%2F&intent=learning_plan">Create Your Learning Plan</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/learning-paths/">Python Learning Paths</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/ref/">Reference – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/jobs/">Join the Real Python Team – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/live/">Cohort-Based Live Python Courses – Real Python</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/getting-started-claude-code/">Getting Started With Claude Code</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/write-python-docstrings-effectively/">Write Python Docstrings Effectively</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/python-basics-first-program/">Python Basics: Code Your First Python Program</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Overcoming Testing Obstacles With Python's Mock Object Library
<p>Do you have complex logic and unpredictable dependencies that make it hard to write reliable tests? How can you use Python’s mock object library to improve your tests? Christopher Trudeau is back on the show this week with another batch of PyCoder’s Weekly articles and projects.</p>
<p>Christopher shares details about his recent Real Python video course, “Improving Your Tests With the Python Mock Object Library.” He describes how mocking in Python with <code>unittest.mock</code> allows you to simulate complex logic or unpredictable dependencies, such as responses from external services. He covers how the <code>Mock</code> class can imitate real objects, and the <code>patch()</code> function lets you temporarily substitute mocks for real objects in your tests. </p>
<p>We also share other articles and projects from the Python community, including a collection of recent releases, using open source AI at Wagtail, updates from the inaugural PyPI Support Specialist, a lightweight OS for microcontrollers in MicroPythonOS, why match-case is not necessarily switch-case for Python, thinking about time in programming, a TUI-based presentation tool for the terminal, and a tool to check Django projects for dead code.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by AgentField.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/improve-tests-mock-object-library/">Improving Your Tests With the Python Mock Object Library</a></p>
<p>Master Python testing with unittest.mock. Create mock objects to tame complex logic and unpredictable dependencies.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:53 – Python 3.14.3 and 3.13.12 Released</li>
<li>00:03:15 – Django Security Releases Issued: 6.0.2, 5.2.11, and 4.2.28</li>
<li>00:03:36 – Open Source AI We Use to Work on Wagtail</li>
<li>00:07:27 – Dispatch From the Inaugural PyPI Support Specialist</li>
<li>00:09:01 – MicroPythonOS Graphical Operating System</li>
<li>00:11:27 – Sponsor: AgentField</li>
<li>00:12:21 – Improving Your Tests With the Python Mock Object Library</li>
<li>00:17:30 – Need Switch-Case in Python? It’s Not Match-Case!</li>
<li>00:26:03 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:27:38 – How to Think About Time in Programming</li>
<li>00:31:58 – Prezo: A TUI-based Presentation Tool for the Terminal</li>
<li>00:34:52 – django-deadcode: Tracks URLs, Templates, and Django Views</li>
<li>00:38:09 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>News:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://pythoninsider.blogspot.com/2026/02/python-3143-and-31312-are-now-available.html">Python 3.14.3 and 3.13.12 Released</a></li>
<li><a href="https://pythoninsider.blogspot.com/2026/02/python-3150-alpha-6.html">Python 3.15.0 Alpha 6 Released</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2026/feb/03/security-releases/">Django Security Releases Issued: 6.0.2, 5.2.11, and 4.2.28</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://wagtail.org/blog/open-source-ai-we-use-to-work-on-wagtail/">Open Source AI We Use to Work on Wagtail</a> – One of the core maintainers at Wagtail CMS shares what open source models have been working best for the project so far.</li>
<li><a href="https://blog.pypi.org/posts/2026-01-26-a-year-and-a-half-as-inaugural-pypi-support-specialist/">Dispatch From the Inaugural PyPI Support Specialist</a> – Maria Ashna (Thespi-Brain on GitHub) is the inaugural PyPI Support Specialist and she’s written up how the first year went.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.cnx-software.com/2026/01/29/micropythonos-graphical-operating-system-delivers-android-like-user-experience-on-microcontrollers/">MicroPythonOS Graphical Operating System</a> – MicroPythonOS lightweight OS for microcontrollers targets applications with graphical user interfaces with a look similar to Android/iOS.</li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/improve-tests-mock-object-library/">Improving Your Tests With the Python Mock Object Library</a> – Master Python testing with unittest.mock. Create mock objects to tame complex logic and unpredictable dependencies.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.pythonmorsels.com/switch-case-in-python/">Need Switch-Case in Python? It’s Not Match-Case!</a> – Python’s match-case is not a switch-case statement. If you need switch-case, you can often use a dictionary instead.</li>
<li><a href="https://shanrauf.com/archive/how-to-think-about-time-in-programming">How to Think About Time in Programming</a> – Time is a complex thing to code. This article is a very deep dive, covering absolute measurement, civil time, modern time keeping, the mess that are timezones, and much more.</li>
</ul>
<p>Projects:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/abilian/prezo">Prezo: A TUI-based Presentation Tool for the Terminal</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/nanorepublica/django-deadcode">django-deadcode: Tracks URLs, Templates, and Django Views</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Additional Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://wagtail.org/blog/ai-in-the-cms-steering-the-ecosystem/">AI in the CMS: steering the ecosystem - Wagtail CMS</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/258/">Episode #258: Supporting the Python Package Index</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/MicroPythonOS/MicroPythonOS">MicroPythonOS: A complete operating system for microcontrollers like the ESP32, inspired by Android and iOS.</a></li>
<li><a href="https://micropythonos.com/">MicroPythonOS - The Ultimate MicroPython Operating System</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lvgl.io/">LVGL — Light and Versatile Embedded Graphics Library</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/structural-pattern-matching/">Structural Pattern Matching in Python – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://textual.textualize.io/">Textual</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/improve-tests-mock-object-library/">Improving Your Tests With the Python Mock Object Library</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/testing-your-code-with-pytest/">Testing Your Code With pytest</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/python-assert-statement/">Using Python's assert to Debug and Test Your Code</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Exploring MCP Apps & Adding Interactive UIs to Clients
<p>How can you move your MCP tools beyond plain text? How do you add interactive UI components directly inside chat conversations? This week on the show, Den Delimarsky from Anthropic joins us to discuss MCP Apps and interactive UIs in MCP.</p>
<p>Den is a member of the MCP Steering Committee and a Core Maintainer focusing on auth and security. He explains how MCP acts as a universal bridge, providing AI models with the real-time context they need. He shares insights on working with MCP Apps and moving beyond simple text to render web-based user interfaces directly in your chat window.</p>
<p>Den previously worked on GitHub Spec Kit, and we discuss taking advantage of spec-driven development and how to use “Skills” to remove the toil from your workflow. We also talk briefly about his podcast and his conversations about navigating careers in technology.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by AgentField.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/getting-started-google-gemini-cli/">Getting Started With Google Gemini CLI</a></p>
<p>Learn how to use Gemini CLI to bring Google’s AI-powered coding assistance into your terminal for faster code analysis, debugging, and fixes.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:17 – Den’s Background</li>
<li>00:02:53 – The Work Item Podcast</li>
<li>00:06:55 – Career Move to Anthropic</li>
<li>00:10:24 – What is Model Context Protocol (MCP)?</li>
<li>00:11:39 – MCP UI and MCP Apps</li>
<li>00:16:17 – Sponsor: AgentField</li>
<li>00:17:13 – Structuring MCP Tools</li>
<li>00:24:52 – Cloudflared & tunneling</li>
<li>00:29:59 – Reverse engineering with Ghidra MCP</li>
<li>00:35:43 – Connecting MCP tools</li>
<li>00:43:10 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:44:23 – Spec-Driven Development & Context Management</li>
<li>00:57:23 – Leveraging Skills for Model Guidance</li>
<li>01:02:51 – What are you excited about in the world of Python?</li>
<li>01:03:42 – What do you want to learn next?</li>
<li>01:07:14 – How can people follow your work online?</li>
<li>01:07:48 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://theworkitem.com/">The Work Item Podcast</a></li>
<li><a href="https://den.dev/">Den Delimarsky - Principal Product Engineer, Tinkerer, Nerd, Trail Explorer</a></li>
<li><a href="https://den.dev/blog/anthropic/">Hello, Anthropic · Den Delimarsky</a></li>
<li><a href="https://modelcontextprotocol.io/docs/getting-started/intro">What is the Model Context Protocol (MCP)? - Model Context Protocol</a></li>
<li><a href="https://den.dev/blog/mcp-apps/">MCP Apps And Interactive UIs In MCP Clients - Den Delimarsky</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/ext-apps/tree/main?tab=readme-ov-file">ext-apps: Official repo for spec & SDK of MCP Apps protocol</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1Aditif0wI">MCP Will Never Be The Same - Render UI With MCP Apps - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/playwright-mcp">playwright-mcp: Playwright MCP server</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra">NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra: Software reverse engineering (SRE) framework</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/LaurieWired/GhidraMCP">GhidraMCP: MCP Server for Ghidra</a></li>
<li><a href="https://claude.com/plugins/ralph-loop">Ralph Loop – Claude Plugin - Anthropic</a></li>
<li><a href="https://speckit.org/">Spec Kit - AI-Powered Specification-Driven Development Toolkit</a></li>
<li><a href="https://claude.com/blog/skills">Introducing Agent Skills - Claude</a></li>
<li><a href="https://fastmcp.wiki/en/getting-started/welcome">Welcome to FastMCP 2.0! - FastMCP</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.astral.sh/uv/">uv - Astral</a></li>
<li><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/den.dev">Den Delimarsky (@den.dev) — Bluesky</a></li>
<li><a href="https://mastodon.social/@localden">Den Delimarsky (@localden@mastodon.social) - Mastodon</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/getting-started-claude-code/">Getting Started With Claude Code</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/getting-started-google-gemini-cli/">Getting Started With Google Gemini CLI</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/write-python-docstrings-effectively/">Write Python Docstrings Effectively</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Running Local LLMs With Ollama and Connecting With Python
<p>Would you like to learn how to work with LLMs locally on your own computer? How do you integrate your Python projects with a local model? Christopher Trudeau is back on the show this week with another batch of PyCoder’s Weekly articles and projects.</p>
<p>We cover a recent Real Python step-by-step tutorial on installing local LLMs with Ollama and connecting them to Python. It begins by outlining the advantages this strategy offers, including reducing costs, improving privacy, and enabling offline-capable AI-powered apps. We talk through the steps of setting things up, generating text and code, and calling tools.</p>
<p>We also share other articles and projects from the Python community, including the 2026 Python Developers Survey, creating callable instances with Python’s <code>.__call__()</code>, creating maps and projections with GeoPandas, ending 15 years of <code>subprocess</code> polling, discussing backseat software, a retry library that classifies errors, and a peer-to-peer encrypted CLI chat project.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by Honeybadger.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/tips-using-ai-coding-editor-cursor/">Tips for Using the AI Coding Editor Cursor</a></p>
<p>Learn Cursor fast: Use AI-powered coding with agents, project-aware chat, and inline edits to supercharge your VS Code workflow.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:37 – Take the Python Developers Survey 2026</li>
<li>00:03:07 – How to Integrate Local LLMs With Ollama and Python</li>
<li>00:08:15 – Sponsor: Honeybadger</li>
<li>00:09:01 – Create Callable Instances With Python’s <code>.__call__()</code></li>
<li>00:12:13 – GeoPandas Basics: Maps, Projections, and Spatial Joins</li>
<li>00:16:03 – Ending 15 Years of <code>subprocess</code> Polling</li>
<li>00:18:57 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:20:23 – Backseat Software – Mike Swanson</li>
<li>00:39:06 – cmd-chat: Peer-to-Peer Encrypted CLI Chat</li>
<li>00:41:58 – redress: A Retry Library That Classifies Errors</li>
<li>00:43:56 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>News:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://pyfound.blogspot.com/2026/01/your-python-your-voice-join-python.html">Take the Python Developers Survey 2026</a></li>
<li><a href="https://blog.jetbrains.com/pycharm/2025/08/the-state-of-python-2025/">The State of Python 2025: Trends and Survey Insights - The PyCharm Blog</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/ollama-python/">How to Integrate Local LLMs With Ollama and Python</a> – Learn how to integrate your Python projects with local models (LLMs) using Ollama for enhanced privacy and cost efficiency.</li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/create-callable-instances-dunder-call/">Create Callable Instances With Python’s <code>.__call__()</code></a> – Learn about Python callables, including what “callable” means, how to use dunder call, and how to build callable objects with step-by-step examples.</li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/geopandas/">GeoPandas Basics: Maps, Projections, and Spatial Joins</a> – Dive into GeoPandas with this tutorial covering data loading, mapping, CRS concepts, projections, and spatial joins for intuitive analysis.</li>
<li><a href="https://gmpy.dev/blog/2026/event-driven-process-waiting">Ending 15 Years of <code>subprocess</code> Polling</a> – Python’s standard library <code>subprocess</code> module relies on busy-loop polling to determine whether a process has completed yet. Modern operating systems have callback mechanisms to do this, and Python 3.15 will now take advantage of these.</li>
</ul>
<p>Discussion:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://blog.mikeswanson.com/backseat-software/">Backseat Software – Mike Swanson’s Blog</a></li>
<li><a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46817452">Backseat Software – Hacker News</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Projects:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/diorwave/cmd-chat">cmd-chat: Peer-to-Peer Encrypted CLI Chat</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/aponysus/redress">redress: A Retry Library That Classifies Errors</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Additional Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://ollama.com/">Ollama</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/python-callable-instances/">Python’s .<strong>call</strong>() Method: Creating Callable Instances – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/quizzes/geopandas/">Quiz: GeoPandas Basics: Maps, Projections, and Spatial Joins</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/customize-vscode-settings/">Customize VS Code Settings</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/getting-started-google-gemini-cli/">Getting Started With Google Gemini CLI</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/tips-using-ai-coding-editor-cursor/">Tips for Using the AI Coding Editor Cursor</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Improving Your GitHub Developer Experience
<p>What are ways to improve how you’re using GitHub? How can you collaborate more effectively and improve your technical writing? This week on the show, Adam Johnson is back to talk about his new book, “Boost Your GitHub DX: Tame the Octocat and Elevate Your Productivity”.</p>
<p>Adam has written a series of books about improving developer experience (DX). In this episode, we dig into his newest book, which focuses on GitHub and how to get the most out of its features—from settings and keyboard shortcuts to hidden tools, CLI commands, and the command palette.</p>
<p>Adam also shares insights on the best ways to communicate on the platform. We discuss the nuances of GitHub-Flavored Markdown (GFM), best practices for effective communication in open source, the importance of maintaining civility in issue reports, and why he included a glossary of acronyms to help developers decode common shorthand like <code>LGTM</code> and <code>FTFY</code>.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by Honeybadger.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/python-git-github-intro/">Introduction to Git and GitHub for Python Developers</a></p>
<p>What is Git, what is GitHub, and what’s the difference? Learn the basics of Git and GitHub from the perspective of a Pythonista in this step-by-step video course.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:20 – Why the focus on developer experience?</li>
<li>00:03:41 – Process of writing the book</li>
<li>00:06:26 – Filling in the gaps of knowledge</li>
<li>00:11:52 – GitHub-Flavored Markdown</li>
<li>00:16:00 – Sponsor: Honeybadger</li>
<li>00:16:47 – Acronym glossary</li>
<li>00:25:18 – GitHub command palette</li>
<li>00:28:35 – What questions did you want to answer?</li>
<li>00:29:42 – Whether to cover Copilot or not</li>
<li>00:36:14 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:37:50 – Advice on working with coding agents</li>
<li>00:40:46 – Defining the scope</li>
<li>00:48:07 – GitHub pages and codespaces</li>
<li>00:50:46 – Finding the hidden features</li>
<li>00:51:53 – Data-oriented Django series</li>
<li>00:53:59 – How to find the book</li>
<li>00:54:51 – What are you excited about in the world of Python?</li>
<li>00:57:27 – What do you want to learn next?</li>
<li>00:58:00 – How can people follow your work online?</li>
<li>00:58:22 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://adamj.eu/">Adam Johnson’s Website</a></li>
<li><a href="https://adamchainz.gumroad.com/l/byghdx?layout=profile">Boost Your GitHub DX</a></li>
<li><a href="https://adamchainz.gumroad.com/l/bygdx">Boost Your Git DX</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.github.com/gfm/">GitHub-Flavored Markdown (GFM) Spec</a></li>
<li><a href="https://cli.github.com/">GitHub CLI (gh)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/accessibility/github-command-palette">GitHub Command Palette - GitHub Docs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/accessibility/keyboard-shortcuts">Keyboard shortcuts - GitHub Docs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=https://docs.github.com/en/issues/tracking-your-work-with-issues/best-practices-for-writing-issues">GitHub’s Guide on Writing Great Issues</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.github.com/en/communities/using-templates-to-encourage-useful-issues-and-pull-requests/creating-a-pull-request-template-for-your-repository">GitHub Pull Request Templates</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.github.com/en/pages">GitHub Pages</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/features/codespaces">GitHub Codespaces</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfPNeQR1aSc">Data-Oriented Django - DjangoCon 2022 - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0F6fyI5u8w">Data-Oriented Django Deux - DjangoCon Europe 2024 - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L7WXcWuH21U&t=2s">Data-Oriented Django Drei - DjangoCon Europe 2025 - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.15/library/profiling.sampling.html">Tachyon — Statistical profiler — Python 3.15.0a5 documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/adamj.eu">Adam Johnson (@adamj.eu) — Bluesky</a></li>
<li><a href="https://fosstodon.org/@adamchainz">Adam Johnson (@adamchainz@fosstodon.org) - Fosstodon</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/cicd-github-actions/">Python Continuous Integration and Deployment Using GitHub Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/python-git-github-intro/">Introduction to Git and GitHub for Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/set-up-django-project/">How to Set Up a Django Project</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Testing Python Code for Scalability & What's New in pandas 3.0
<p>How do you create automated tests to check your code for degraded performance as data sizes increase? What are the new features in pandas 3.0? Christopher Trudeau is back on the show this week with another batch of PyCoder’s Weekly articles and projects.</p>
<p>Christopher digs into an article about building tests to make sure your software is fast, or at least doesn’t get slower as it scales. The piece focuses on testing Big-O scaling and its implications for algorithms.</p>
<p>We also discuss another article covering the top features in pandas 3.0, including the new dedicated string dtype, a cleaner way to perform column-based operations, and more predictable default copying behavior with Copy-on-Write.</p>
<p>We share several other articles and projects from the Python community, including a collection of recent releases and PEPs, a profiler for targeting individual functions, a quiz to test your Django knowledge, when to use each of the eight versions of UUID, the hard-to-swallow truths about being a software engineer, an offline reverse geocoding library, and a library for auto-generating CLIs from any Python object.</p>
<p>Our live Python cohorts start February 2, and we’re down to the last few seats. There are two tracks: <a href="https://realpython.com/workshops/python-for-beginners/">Python for Beginners</a> or <a href="https://realpython.com/workshops/intermediate-deep-dive/">Intermediate Deep Dive</a>. Eight weeks of live instruction, small groups, and real accountability. Grab your seat at <a href="https://realpython.com/live/">realpython.com/live</a>.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by Honeybadger.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/intro-object-oriented-programming/">Intro to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python</a></p>
<p>Learn Python OOP fundamentals fast: master classes, objects, and constructors with hands-on lessons in this beginner-friendly video course.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:03:28 – Python 3.15.0 Alpha 4 Released</li>
<li>00:03:50 – Django Bugfix Release: 5.2.10, 6.0.1</li>
<li>00:04:22 – PEP 819: JSON Package Metadata</li>
<li>00:04:41 – PEP 820: PySlot: Unified Slot System for the C API</li>
<li>00:04:59 – PEP 822: Dedented Multiline String (d-String)</li>
<li>00:06:04 – What’s New in pandas 3.0</li>
<li>00:13:11 – pandas 3.0.0 documentation</li>
<li>00:13:44 – Sponsor: Honeybadger</li>
<li>00:14:30 – Unit Testing Your Code’s Performance</li>
<li>00:17:51 – Introducing <code>tprof</code>, a Targeting Profiler</li>
<li>00:23:03 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:24:31 – Django Quiz 2025</li>
<li>00:24:56 – 8 Versions of UUID and When to Use Them</li>
<li>00:29:17 – 10 hard-to-swallow truths they won’t tell you about software engineer job</li>
<li>00:44:02 – gazetteer: Offline Reverse Geocoding Library</li>
<li>00:46:13 – python-fire: A library for automatically generating command-line interfaces</li>
<li>00:47:40 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>News:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://pythoninsider.blogspot.com/2026/01/python-3150-alpha-4.html">Python 3.15.0 Alpha 4 Released</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3150a5/">Python 3.15.0a5 Alpha 5 Released</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2026/jan/06/bugfix-releases/">Django Bugfix Release: 5.2.10, 6.0.1</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0819/">PEP 819: JSON Package Metadata (Draft)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0820/">PEP 820: PySlot: Unified Slot System for the C API (Draft)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0822/">PEP 822: Dedented Multiline String (d-String) (Draft)</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://codecut.ai/pandas-3-whats-new/">What’s New in pandas 3.0</a> – Learn what’s new in pandas 3.0: <code>pd.col</code> expressions for cleaner code, Copy-on-Write for predictable behavior, and PyArrow-backed strings for 5-10x faster operations.</li>
<li><a href="https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/whatsnew/v3.0.0.html">What’s new in 3.0.0 (January 21, 2026) — pandas 3.0.0 documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="https://pythonspeed.com/articles/big-o-tests/">Unit Testing Your Code’s Performance</a> – Testing your code is important, not just for correctness but also for performance. One approach is to check performance degradation as data sizes go up, also known as Big-O scaling.</li>
<li><a href="https://adamj.eu/tech/2026/01/14/python-introducing-tprof/">Introducing <code>tprof</code>, a Targeting Profiler</a> – Adam has written <code>tprof</code>, a targeting profiler for Python 3.12+. This article introduces you to the tool and why he wrote it.</li>
<li><a href="https://adamj.eu/tech/2026/01/03/django-quiz-2025/">Django Quiz 2025</a> – Last month, Adam held another quiz at the December edition of Django London. This is an annual tradition at the meetup, and now you can take it yourself or just skim the answers.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.ntietz.com/blog/til-uses-for-the-different-uuid-versions/">8 Versions of UUID and When to Use Them</a> – RFC 9562 outlines the structure of Universally Unique Identifiers (UUIDs) and includes eight different versions. In this post, Nicole gives a quick intro to each kind so you don’t have to read the docs, and explains why you might choose each.</li>
<li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html">uuid — UUID objects according to RFC 9562 — Python 3.14.2 documentation</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Discussion:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.mensurdurakovic.com/hard-to-swallow-truths-they-wont-tell-you-about-software-engineer-job/">10 hard-to-swallow truths they won’t tell you about software engineer job</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Projects:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/SOORAJTS2001/gazetteer">gazetteer: Offline Reverse Geocoding Library</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/google/python-fire">python-fire: Python Fire is a library for automatically generating command-line interfaces (CLIs) from absolutely any Python object</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Additional Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8UynYKx5no">Gary Gnu Sings “No Gnews Is Good Gnews Song” - The Great Space Coaster - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/plasma-umass/bigO/">plasma-umass/bigO: Measures empirical computational complexity (in both time and space) of functions</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/172/">Episode #172: Measuring Multiple Facets of Python Performance With Scalene</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/testing-your-code-with-pytest/">Testing Your Code With pytest</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/investigating-quasar-data-polars-marimo-notebooks/">Investigating Quasar Data With Polars and Interactive marimo Notebooks</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/intro-object-oriented-programming/">Intro to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Continuing to Improve the Learning Experience at Real Python
<p>If you haven’t visited the Real Python website lately, then it’s time to check out a great batch of updates on realpython.com! Dan Bader returns to the show this week to discuss improvements to the site and more ways to learn Python.</p>
<p>Dan details changes to the website, including our Python reference area. This tool provides a quick reference for both beginners and experienced developers looking for concise definitions and refreshers on Python’s features.</p>
<p>We discuss the expansion of our live courses to include a beginner course and an intermediate deep dive. Dan also shares how we’re growing the team and highlights the ongoing commitment to our editorial standards.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/workshops/python-for-beginners/">Python for Beginners: Code With Confidence</a></p>
<p>Learn the fundamentals of Python step-by-step in a friendly, interactive cohort. Build confidence writing code and understand the “why” behind Python’s core concepts.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:54 – Real Python Reference </li>
<li>00:08:31 – Integration with search </li>
<li>00:13:51 – Sponsor: Honeybadger </li>
<li>00:14:38 – Live courses </li>
<li>00:23:20 – Podcast visibility and interconnection </li>
<li>00:32:42 – Spotlight </li>
<li>00:33:35 – Editorial standards and goals for 2026 </li>
<li>00:36:28 – Building the team </li>
<li>00:37:52 – Real Python for teams </li>
<li>00:40:56 – Feedback and listening to users </li>
<li>00:43:23 – Thanks and goodbye </li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/ref/">Reference – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/live/">Cohort-Based Live Python Courses – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/246/">Episode #246: Learning Intermediate Python With a Deep Dive Course</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/279/">Episode #279: Coding Python With Confidence: Beginners Live Course Participants</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/">The Real Python Podcast – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/learning-paths/">Python Learning Paths – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/editorial-guidelines/">Editorial Guidelines – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/team/">Meet Our Team – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/account/join-team/">Team Memberships – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/feedback/">Feedback – Real Python</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/python-decorators-101/">Python Decorators 101</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/python-basics-first-program/">Python Basics: Code Your First Python Program</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/intro-object-oriented-programming/">Intro to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Considering Fast and Slow in Python Programming
<p>How often have you heard about the speed of Python? What’s actually being measured, where are the bottlenecks—development time or run time—and which matters more for productivity? Christopher Trudeau is back on the show this week, bringing another batch of PyCoder’s Weekly articles and projects.</p>
<p>Christopher shares an article titled “The Uselessness of ‘Fast’ and ‘Slow’ in Programming.” It digs into how the different aspects of software performance span a wide range of orders of magnitude, and how developers can obsess over irrelevant performance details, often losing more time working in suboptimal environments than building what they need with tools they already know.</p>
<p>We also discuss an article about why <code>uv</code> is fast, which explains how most of its speed comes from engineering decisions rather than just being written in Rust.</p>
<p>We then share several other articles and projects from the Python community, including a roundup of 2025 year-end lists, an explanation of why Python’s <code>deepcopy</code> can be so slow, serving a website with FastAPI using Jinja2, Python numbers every programmer should know, a discussion of spec-driven development and whether waterfall is back, a tool to detect whether a PDF has a bad redaction, and a CLI for measuring HTTP request phases.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/jinja-templating/">Jinja Templating</a></p>
<p>With Jinja, you can build rich templates that power the front end of your web applications. But you can also use Jinja without a web framework running in the background. Whenever you need to generate text files with dynamic content, Jinja provides a flexible and powerful solution.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:53 – Top Python Libraries of 2025</li>
<li>00:04:43 – 2025 Python Year in Review</li>
<li>00:04:58 – PyPI in 2025: A Year in Review</li>
<li>00:05:36 – Join in the PSF Year-End Fundraiser & Membership Drive!</li>
<li>00:06:10 – How <code>uv</code> Got So Fast</li>
<li>00:12:29 – Why Python’s <code>deepcopy</code> Can Be So Slow</li>
<li>00:17:03 – Serve a Website With FastAPI Using HTML and Jinja2</li>
<li>00:23:19 – The Uselessness of “Fast” and “Slow” in Programming</li>
<li>00:27:06 – Python Numbers Every Programmer Should Know</li>
<li>00:28:17 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:29:43 – Spec-Driven Development: The Waterfall Strikes Back</li>
<li>00:49:21 – x-ray: A Tool to Detect Whether a PDF Has a Bad Redaction</li>
<li>00:52:20 – httptap: CLI Measuring HTTP Request Phases</li>
<li>00:54:19 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>2025 Top List Roundup</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://tryolabs.com/blog/top-python-libraries-2025">Top Python Libraries of 2025</a> – Explore Tryolabs’ 11th annual Top Python Libraries roundup, featuring two curated Top 10 lists: one for General Use and one for AI/ML/Data tools.</li>
<li><a href="https://talkpython.fm/episodes/show/532/2025-python-year-in-review">2025 Python Year in Review</a> – Talk Python interviews Barry Warsaw, Brett Cannon, Gregory Kapfhammer, Jodie Burchell, Reuven Lerner, and Thomas Wouters, and the panel discusses what mattered for Python in 2025.</li>
<li><a href="https://blog.pypi.org/posts/2025-12-31-pypi-2025-in-review/">PyPI in 2025: A Year in Review</a> – Dustin summarizes all the happenings with the Python Packaging Index in 2025, including 130,000 new projects and over 2.5 trillion requests served.</li>
<li><a href="https://pyfound.blogspot.com/2025/11/python-is-for-everyone-join-in-psf-year.html">Join in the PSF Year-End Fundraiser & Membership Drive!</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://nesbitt.io/2025/12/26/how-uv-got-so-fast.html">How <code>uv</code> Got So Fast</a> – <code>uv</code>’s speed comes from engineering decisions, not just Rust. Static metadata, dropping legacy formats, and standards that didn’t exist five years ago.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.codeflash.ai/blog-posts/why-pythons-deepcopy-can-be-so-slow-and-how-to-avoid-it">Why Python’s <code>deepcopy</code> Can Be So Slow</a> – “Python’s <code>copy.deepcopy()</code> creates a fully independent clone of an object, traversing every nested element of the object graph.” That can be expensive. Learn what it’s doing and how you can sometimes avoid the cost.</li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/fastapi-jinja2-template/">Serve a Website With FastAPI Using HTML and Jinja2</a> – Use FastAPI to render Jinja2 templates and serve dynamic sites with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, then add a color picker that copies hex codes.</li>
<li><a href="https://jerf.org/iri/post/2025/the_uselessness_of_fast/">The Uselessness of “Fast” and “Slow” in Programming</a> – “One of the unique aspects of software is how it spans such a large number of orders of magnitude.” The huge difference makes the terms “fast” and “slow” arbitrary. Read on to discover how this affects our thinking as programmers and what mistakes it can cause.</li>
<li><a href="https://mkennedy.codes/posts/python-numbers-every-programmer-should-know/">Python Numbers Every Programmer Should Know</a> – Ever wonder how much memory an empty list takes? How about how long it takes to add two integers in Python? This post contains loads of performance data for common Python operations.</li>
</ul>
<p>Discussion:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://marmelab.com/blog/2025/11/12/spec-driven-development-waterfall-strikes-back.html">Spec-Driven Development: The Waterfall Strikes Back</a></li>
<li><a href="https://blog.robbowley.net/2026/01/05/coding-has-never-been-the-bottleneck/">Coding has never been the bottleneck - Rob Bowley</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Projects:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/freelawproject/x-ray">x-ray: A Tool to Detect Whether a PDF Has a Bad Redaction</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ozeranskii/httptap">httptap: CLI Measuring HTTP Request Phases</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Additional Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/238/">Episode #238: Charlie Marsh: Accelerating Python Tooling With Ruff and uv – The Real Python Podcast</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/primer-on-jinja-templating/">Primer on Jinja Templating – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/get-started-with-fastapi/">Get Started With FastAPI – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://norvig.com/21-days.html">Teach Yourself Programming in Ten Years</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/python-rest-apis-with-fastapi/">Python REST APIs With FastAPI</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/create-scalable-flask-web-app/">Creating a Scalable Flask Web Application From Scratch</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/jinja-templating/">Jinja Templating</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Coding Python With Confidence: Beginners Live Course Participants
<p>Are you looking for that solid foundation to begin your Python journey? Would the accountability of scheduled group classes help you get through the basics and start building something? This week, two members of the Python for Beginners live course discuss their experiences.</p>
<p>We speak with course instructor Stephen Gruppetta about building a course where the participants start using their knowledge as soon as possible. He describes how he’s evolved his teaching techniques over years of working with beginners. We explore the advantages of having a curated collection of written tutorials, video courses, and a forum for asking those nagging questions.</p>
<p>We also speak with students Louis and Andrew about their experiences learning Python through the course. They discuss learning how to apply their new skills, employing them in their careers, and building confidence to continue their Python learning journey.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/workshops/python-for-beginners/">Python for Beginners: Code With Confidence</a></p>
<p>Learn the fundamentals of Python step-by-step in a friendly, interactive cohort. Build confidence writing code and understand the “why” behind Python’s core concepts.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:01:40 – Instructor Stephen Gruppetta</li>
<li>00:02:42 – Designing the course</li>
<li>00:09:01 – Introducing mini-projects early</li>
<li>00:13:22 – How have the questions changed for Python beginners?</li>
<li>00:20:23 – Taking advantage of Real Python resources</li>
<li>00:24:07 – More courses for 2026</li>
<li>00:25:40 – Spotlight: Python for Beginners</li>
<li>00:26:39 – Python for Beginners participants</li>
<li>00:27:50 – Louis’ background in programming</li>
<li>00:30:46 – Andrew’s background in programming</li>
<li>00:37:43 – Starting to use the knowledge with mini-projects</li>
<li>00:42:52 – What were challenges with the language?</li>
<li>00:54:15 – Working on the larger final project</li>
<li>00:59:45 – What advantages did the cohort-style course provide?</li>
<li>01:03:56 – Are you ready for that blank page?</li>
<li>01:12:00 – How do you see yourself using these new skills?</li>
<li>01:17:39 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/workshops/python-for-beginners/">Python for Beginners: Code With Confidence – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/246/">Episode #246: Learning Intermediate Python With a Deep Dive Course</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/workshops/intermediate-deep-dive/">Intermediate Python Deep Dive Course – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/live/">Cohort-Based Live Python Courses – Real Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.theregister.com/2025/12/16/mi6_chief_well_be_as/">MI6 chief: We’ll be as fluent in Python as we are in Russian - The Register</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/setting-up-python/">Python Basics: Setting Up Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/python-basics-first-program/">Python Basics: Code Your First Python Program</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/python-basics-lists-tuples/">Python Basics: Lists and Tuples</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
PyCoder's Weekly 2025 Top Articles & Hidden Gems
<p>PyCoder’s Weekly included over 1,500 links to articles, blog posts, tutorials, and projects in 2025. Christopher Trudeau is back on the show this week to help wrap up everything by sharing some highlights and uncovering a few hidden gems from the pile.</p>
<p>We share the top links explored by PyCoder’s readers. We also dig into trends across all the articles and stories this year. We highlight a few gems that we didn’t cover on the show and a couple that explore the overall themes of the year. </p>
<p>We hope you enjoy this review! We look forward to bringing you an upcoming year full of great Python news, articles, topics, and projects. </p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/videos/using-functional-programming-overview/">Using Functional Programming in Python</a></p>
<p>Boost your Python skills with a quick dive into functional programming: what it is, how Python supports it, and why it matters.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:01:52 – Django 6.0 released</li>
<li>00:02:58 – The Inner Workings of Python Dataclasses Explained</li>
<li>00:03:40 – Going Beyond requirements.txt With pylock.toml and PEP 751</li>
<li>00:04:58 – Django vs. FastAPI, An Honest Comparison</li>
<li>00:05:46 – How to Use Loguru for Simpler Python Logging</li>
<li>00:06:47 – Narwhals: Unified DataFrame Functions</li>
<li>00:08:32 – Observations and statistics for the year of articles</li>
<li>00:13:23 – Data Validation Libraries for Polars (2025 Edition)</li>
<li>00:18:53 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:20:25 – Create Temporary Files and Directories in Unittest</li>
<li>00:22:27 – Capture Stdout and Stderr in Unittest</li>
<li>00:24:59 – I don’t like NumPy</li>
<li>00:26:34 – Python performance myths and fairy tales </li>
<li>00:31:05 – Congratulations on making through 2025!</li>
</ul>
<p>News:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2025/dec/03/django-60-released/">Django 6.0 released - Django Weblog</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Top PyCoders Links 2025:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://jacobpadilla.com/articles/python-dataclass-internals">The Inner Workings of Python Dataclasses Explained</a> – Discover how Python dataclasses work internally! Learn how to use <code>__annotations__</code> and <code>exec()</code> to make our own dataclass decorator!</li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/249/">Episode #249: Going Beyond requirements.txt With pylock.toml and PEP 751</a> – What is the best way to record the Python dependencies for the reproducibility of your projects? What advantages will lock files provide for those projects? This week on the show, we welcome back Python Core Developer Brett Cannon to discuss his journey to bring PEP 751 and the pylock.toml file format to the community.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.david-dahan.com/blog/comparing-fastapi-and-django">Django vs. FastAPI, An Honest Comparison</a> – David has worked with Django for a long time, but recently has done some deeper coding with FastAPI. As a result, he’s able to provide a good contrast between the libraries and why/when you might choose one over the other.</li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/python-loguru/">How to Use Loguru for Simpler Python Logging – Real Python</a> – In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to use Loguru to quickly implement better logging in your Python applications. You’ll spend less time wrestling with logging configuration and more time using logs effectively to debug issues.</li>
<li><a href="https://codecut.ai/unified-dataframe-functions-pandas-polars-pyspark/">Narwhals: Unified DataFrame Functions for pandas, Polars, and PySpark</a> – Narwhals is a lightweight compatibility layer between DataFrame libraries. You can use it as a common interface to write reproducible and maintainable data science code which supports pandas, Polars, DuckDB, PySpark, PyArrow, and more.</li>
</ul>
<p>Featured Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://posit-dev.github.io/pointblank/blog/validation-libs-2025/">Data Validation Libraries for Polars (2025 Edition) – Pointblank</a> - Given that Polars is so hot right now and that data validation is an important part of a data pipeline, this post explores five Python data validation libraries that support Polars DataFrames. Through contrasting and comparison, the post puts forward which of them are best for specific use cases.</li>
<li><a href="https://adamj.eu/tech/2024/12/30/python-temporary-files-directories-unittest/">Python: Create Temporary Files and Directories in Unittest</a> – Sometimes, tests need temporary files or directories. You can do this in Python’s unittest with the standard library tempfile module. This post looks at some recipes to do so within individual tests and <code>setUp()</code>.</li>
<li><a href="https://adamj.eu/tech/2025/08/29/python-unittest-capture-stdout-stderr/">Python: Capture Stdout and Stderr in Unittest</a> – When testing code that outputs to the terminal through either standard out (stdout) or standard error (stderr), you might want to capture that output and make assertions on it.</li>
<li><a href="https://dynomight.net/numpy/">I don’t like NumPy</a> – This opinion piece talks about why NumPy gets difficult fast. Two dimensions to your array? No problem, the calc is mostly self evident. Add a couple more dimensions and it gets messy fast. See also the <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43996431">associated HN discussion, which also includes possible solutions</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://lwn.net/Articles/1031707/">Python performance myths and fairy tales</a> – This post summarizes a talk by Antonio Cuni who is a long time contributor to PyPy, the alternate Python interpreter. The talk spoke about the challenges and limits of performance in Python and how the flexibility of dynamic languages comes at a cost. See also the associated <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44809387">HN discussion</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Additional Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/224/">Episode #224: Narwhals: Expanding DataFrame Compatibility Between Libraries</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/272/">Episode #272: Michael Kennedy: Managing Your Own Python Infrastructure</a></li>
<li><a href="https://talkpython.fm/episodes/show/510/10-polars-tools-and-techniques-to-level-up-your-data-science">Episode #510 - 10 Polars Tools and Techniques To Level Up Your Data Science</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.astral.sh/ty/">ty</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/cltrudeau/waelstow">waelstow: Python unittest utilities. Includes output capture, test discovery, and directory relocation.</a></li>
<li><a href="https://pypy.org/">PyPy</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/spylang">spylang · GitHub</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/python-filter-function/">Filtering Iterables With Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/using-functional-programming/">Using Functional Programming in Python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/numpy-techniques-practical-examples/">NumPy Techniques and Practical Examples</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Moving Towards Spec-Driven Development
<p>What are the advantages of spec-driven development compared to vibe coding with an LLM? Are these recent trends a move toward declarative programming? This week on the show, Marc Brooker, VP and Distinguished Engineer at AWS, joins us to discuss specification-driven development and Kiro.</p>
<p>Marc describes the process of developing an application by writing specifications, which outline what a program should do and what needs it should meet. We dig into a bit of computer science history to explore the differences between declarative and imperative programming.</p>
<p>We also discuss Kiro, a new integrated development environment from Amazon, built around turning prompts into structured requirements. We examine the various types of documents used to specify tasks, requirements, design, and steering. </p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Real Python Resource Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/learning-paths/coding-with-ai/">Python Coding With AI - Learning Path</a></p>
<p>Explore tools and workflows for AI in Python: coding partners, prompt engineering, RAG, ChromaDB, FastAPI chatbots, and MCP integrations. Stay current and start today.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:02:41 – How did you get involved in open source?</li>
<li>00:07:23 – How would you describe spec-driven development?</li>
<li>00:10:49 – Balancing the desire to start coding with defining the project</li>
<li>00:13:06 – What does this documentation look like?</li>
<li>00:18:27 – Declarative vs imperative programming</li>
<li>00:24:13 – Infrastructure as part of the design</li>
<li>00:27:03 – Getting started with a small project</li>
<li>00:29:05 – Committing the spec files along with the code</li>
<li>00:31:08 – What is steering?</li>
<li>00:34:17 – How to get better at distilling specifications?</li>
<li>00:38:59 – What are anti-patterns in spec-driven development?</li>
<li>00:41:08 – Should you avoid third-party libraries?</li>
<li>00:43:16 – Real Python Resource Spotlight </li>
<li>00:44:39 – Getting started with Kiro</li>
<li>00:51:00 – Neuro-symbolic AI</li>
<li>00:55:41 – What are you excited about in the world of Python?</li>
<li>00:58:36 – What do you want to learn next?</li>
<li>01:00:18 – How can people follow your work online?</li>
<li>01:00:57 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://kiro.dev/blog/kiro-and-the-future-of-software-development/">Kiro and the future of AI spec-driven software development - Kiro</a></li>
<li><a href="https://brooker.co.za/blog/">Marc Brooker’s Blog - Marc’s Blog</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kiro.dev/">Kiro: The AI IDE for prototype to production</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdD9eLiRRVo&t=1s">Beyond Prompts: The Future of AI-Assisted Development | Marc Brooker - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="https://martinfowler.com/articles/exploring-gen-ai/sdd-3-tools.html">Understanding Spec-Driven-Development: Kiro, spec-kit, and Tessl</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarative_programming">Declarative programming - Wikipedia</a></li>
<li><a href="https://cucumber.io/docs/bdd/">Behaviour-Driven Development - Cucumber</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kiro.dev/docs/steering/">Steering - Docs - Kiro</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kiro.dev/docs/specs/best-practices/">Best practices - Docs - Kiro</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kiro.dev/cli/">CLI - Kiro</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kiro.dev/blog/property-based-testing/">Does your code match your spec? - Kiro</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.fastcompany.com/91446331/amazon-byron-cook-ai-artificial-intelligence-automated-reasoning-neurosymbolic-hallucination-logic">Amazon takes on AI’s biggest nightmare: Hallucinations - Fast Company</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuro-symbolic_AI">Neuro-symbolic AI - Wikipedia</a></li>
<li><a href="https://marmelab.com/blog/2025/11/12/spec-driven-development-waterfall-strikes-back.html">Spec-Driven Development: The Waterfall Strikes Back</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-code">G-code - Wikipedia</a></li>
<li><a href="https://x.com/MarcJBrooker">Marc Brooker (@MarcJBrooker) / X</a></li>
<li><a href="https://fediscience.org/@marcbrooker">Marc Brooker (@marcbrooker@fediscience.org)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/marc-brooker-b431772b/">Marc Brooker - LinkedIn</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Level up your Python skills with our expert-led courses:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/getting-started-claude-code/">Getting Started With Claude Code</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/first-steps-langchain/">First Steps With LangChain</a></li>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/courses/build-neural-network-python-ai/">Building a Neural Network & Making Predictions With Python AI</a></li>
</ul> <p><a rel="payment" href="https://realpython.com/join">Support the podcast & join our community of Pythonistas</a></p>
Exploring Quantum Computing & Python Frameworks
<p>What are the recent advances in the field of quantum computing and high-performance computing? And what Python tools can you use to develop programs that run on quantum computers? This week on the show, Real Python author Negar Vahid discusses her tutorial, “Quantum Computing Basics With Qiskit.”</p>
<p>Negar digs into the fundamentals of quantum computers, describing qubits, superposition, entanglement, and interference. We discuss the concept of quantum advantage and the fields of exploration where quantum computing promises speed-ups over classical computers. She also shares tools for designing quantum circuits with Python.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="https://realpython.com/courses/profiling-performance/">Profiling Performance in Python</a></p>
<p>Learn to profile Python programs with built-in and popular third-party tools, and turn performance insights into faster code.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:01:31 – Writing for Real Python</li>
<li>00:02:37 – What drew you to quantum computing?</li>
<li>00:04:27 – What is quantum advantage?</li>
<li>00:07:10 – Quantum computing basics article</li>
<li>00:09:32 – Linear algebra</li>
<li>00:10:32 – What is a quantum computer?</li>
<li>00:14:52 – Superconducting devices</li>
<li>00:17:29 – Looking for ways to advance computing</li>
<li>00:19:17 – Superposition of qubits and entanglement</li>
<li>00:22:43 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:24:27 – Potential areas of research</li>
<li>00:26:45 – IBM quantum computing & Qiskit</li>
<li>00:29:43 – Describing superposition as a spinning coin</li>
<li>00:30:41 – Other types of quantum computers</li>
<li>00:32:08 – Qiskit Global Summer School 2025</li>
<li>00:32:48 – Qiskit Advocate</li>
<li>00:33:49 – What do you see in the near future?</li>
<li>00:37:42 – What are the type of HPCs?</li>
<li>00:40:05 – Additional resources to learn more</li>
<li>00:43:32 – Answering to skeptics</li>
<li>00:47:51 – What are you excited about in the world of Python?</li>
<li>00:48:24 – What do you want to learn next?</li>
<li>00:49:04 – What’s the best way to follow your work online?</li>
<li>00:49:25 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://realpython.com/quantum-computing-basics/">Quantum Computing Basics With Qiskit</a></li>
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